BIS 2C: Plants

Name

Chara (Algae)

Characters

• body supported directly by the water

Name

Liverwort

Characters

• Bryophyte

• 2 main body forms: 1) leafy 2) thallose*

• antheridia (like umbrellas) and archegonium (like palm trees)

• sperm swims to egg

Name

Moss

Characters

• Bryophyte

• form dense “carpets”

• mature body is leafy wit many apical gametangia

• sperm swims to egg

• nutritionally dependent on gametophyte body

Name

Hornworts

Characters

• Bryophyte

• smaller, more circular, and thinner than liverworts

• blue/green due to symbiotic cyanobacteria

• sporophyte has meristem (indeterminant growth)

• sporophyte is green, so it can photosynthesize

Name

Lycopodium

Characters

• Lycophyte

• vascular plant

• microphylls

• “club moss”

• elongated with leaves

Name

Selaginella

Characters

• Lycophyte

• vascular

• bushy leaves, microphylls

• heterosporous (different size spores)

• have clustered sporangia called strobili

Names

Equisetum

Characters

• Monilophyte

• “horsetails”

• hollow, upright stems with reduced leaves

• found in wet environments

Names

Psilotum

Characters

• Monilophyte

• “whisk ferns”

• dichotomous stems

• reduced leaves (enations)

• yellow sporangia

• no roots

• occur in tropical and subtropical areas

• often epiphytes

Names

Fern

Characters

• Monilophyte

• clusters of sporangia under leaves (sori)

• largest group of monilophytes

• develop from fiddleheads which slowly unfurl into a new leaf

Names

Cycads

Characters

• Gymnosperm

• large, compound leaves

• dioecious

• produce woody cones

Names

Ginkgo

Characters

• Gymnosperm

• heart-shaped leaf with 2 lobes

• dioecious

• seeds surrounded by flesh (not fruit)

Name

Gnetophyte

Characters

• Gymnosperm

• paired opposite leaves

• vessel elements in the xylem and double fertilization (like angiosperms, though homoplasy)

Name

Conifer

Characters

• Gymnosperm

• have woody cones (female) and pollen cones (male)

• monoecious

Name

Basal Angiosperm

Character

• Angiosperm

• paraphyletic group

• Amborella has only 1 species and is recognized as sister to all remaining angiosperms

• share many characteristics with Eudicots

Name

Monocots

Character

• Angiosperm

• grains, cereals, staple foods

• orchids and bamboo

• NO BVC

• parallel leaf veins

• scattered vascular bundle stems

• single embryonic seed leaf (cotyledon)

• fibrous roots

• flowers in multiples of 3

Name

Eudicot

Characters

• Angiosperm

• fruits and veggies

• netted leaves

• ordered vascular bundles with BVC

• 2 embryonic seed leaves (cotyledons)

• taproot usually

• flowers in multiples of 4 or 5