chapter 8

Pectoral girdle

Consists of two clavicles and two scapulae, connecting the upper limbs to the body.

Pelvic girdle

Formed by two coxal bones, articulating with each other and the sacrum, providing attachment for the lower limbs.

Clavicle

A curved bone that connects the arm to the body; known as the collarbone.

Scapula

A flat, triangular bone that forms the shoulder blade; crucial for arm movement.

Humerus

The long bone of the upper arm, articulating with the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

Radius

The lateral bone of the forearm that articulates with the capitulum of the humerus.

Ulna

The medial bone of the forearm, articulating with the trochlea of the humerus.

Tarsal bones

The seven bones that make up the ankle, including the talus and calcaneus.

Metacarpals

The five long bones in the palm of the hand.

Phalanges

The bones of the fingers and toes; each finger has three, while the thumb and big toe have two.

Acetabulum

A cup-shaped socket in the pelvic girdle that articulates with the head of the femur.

Femur

The longest bone in the body, located in the thigh, articulating with the acetabulum and the tibia.

Patella

A small, flat bone that protects the knee joint; known as the kneecap.

Fibula

The slender bone of the lower leg, located laterally to the tibia.

Tibia

The larger bone of the lower leg that supports the body’s weight.

Skeletal muscle attachment

Many bone landmarks serve as attachment sites for muscles, aiding movement.

Longitudinal arch

An arch that runs from the front to the back of the foot, aiding weight distribution.

Transverse arch

An arch that runs side to side across the foot, contributing to stability and weight distribution.

Glenohumeral joint

The shoulder joint, formed by the articulation of the humerus and the glenoid cavity.

Epicondyles

Projections on the sides of the humerus where muscles of the forearm attach.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A condition caused by compression of nerves in the wrist, related to the anatomy of the carpal bones.