Cell Functions, Homeostasis, and Blood Concepts

These flashcards cover key concepts related to cell functions, homeostasis, body fluids, red blood cells, and blood concepts.

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in cells?

C) Mitochondria

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

C) Regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell

What process involves the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

B) Osmosis

What term describes maintaining a stable internal environment?

A) Homeostasis

Which body fluid is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients?

C) Blood

Which organ system primarily regulates body temperature?

D) Integumentary system

What is the main component of cytoplasm?

C) Water

Which type of transport requires energy?

C) Active transport

What is the pH range of human blood?

C) 7.35-7.45

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

C) Oxygen transport

Which organ regulates blood pH?

D) Kidneys

What structure in the cell synthesizes proteins?

B) Ribosome

Which type of feedback mechanism enhances a stimulus?

B) Positive feedback

What is the major ion in extracellular fluid?

C) Sodium

Which organ removes excess water from the blood?

D) Kidneys

What is the primary role of white blood cells?

B) Fight infection

Which organelle packages and transports proteins?

B) Golgi apparatus

Which body fluid surrounds the cells of tissues?

C) Interstitial fluid

Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?

A) Insulin

What is the main function of platelets?

C) Blood clotting

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

C) Transport and modify proteins

Which part of the brain regulates homeostasis?

C) Hypothalamus

Which component of blood is primarily responsible for immunity?

B) White blood cells

Which ion is crucial for nerve impulse transmission?

B) Sodium

Which body system maintains fluid balance?

C) Lymphatic system

What is the main waste product of cellular respiration?

B) Carbon dioxide

Which fluid lubricates joints?

C) Synovial fluid

What is erythropoiesis?

B) Production of red blood cells

Which hormone regulates erythropoiesis?

B) Erythropoietin

What is anemia?

B) Low hemoglobin levels

Which type of anemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency?

C) Pernicious anemia

Which symptom is common in anemia?

C) Fatigue

What is the most common cause of iron-deficiency anemia?

C) Chronic blood loss

Which blood group is the universal donor?

D) O

What determines a person's blood group?

C) Antigens on red blood cells

Which blood group is the universal recipient?

C) AB

What is crossmatching in blood transfusion?

C) Matching donor and recipient blood

What complication can occur from mismatched blood transfusions?

B) Hemolysis

What is the main purpose of blood transfusion?

C) Restore blood volume and oxygen delivery

What is the normal red blood cell count in adults?

B) 4-6 million/μL

Which blood type is the rarest in the ABO system?

C) AB

What is erythroblastosis fetalis caused by?

B) Rh incompatibility

Which organ removes old or damaged red blood cells?

B) Spleen

What is the average volume of blood in an adult human?

B) 5 liters