Theoretical Perspectives on Enculturation and Socialization

A comprehensive set of 50 vocabulary flashcards covering key theories and concepts related to enculturation and socialization.

Looking Glass Self Theory

A concept developed by Charles Horton Cooley stating that a person’s sense of self is derived from the perception of others.

Role Taking Theory

Theory proposed by George Herbert Mead suggesting individuals learn through taking on others' perspectives, particularly in social interactions.

Looking Glass Self Theory

A concept developed by Charles Horton Cooley stating that a person’s sense of self is derived from the perception of others.

Role Taking Theory

Theory proposed by George Herbert Mead suggesting individuals learn through taking on others' perspectives, particularly in social interactions.

Me and I Theory

A theory by George Herbert Mead where 'Me' represents social self that follows rules, and 'I' represents the independent, impulsive side of self.

Acculturation

The process of transforming one’s own cultural beliefs by adopting traits from a different culture while retaining original cultural identity.

Enculturation

The process of acquiring the norms, values, customs, and guidelines of one's own culture.

Socialization

A lifelong process where individuals develop their human potential and learn cultural knowledge.

Agents of Socialization

Five primary sources including family, school, peers, mass media, and workplace through which individuals are socialized.

Deviance

The violation of cultural norms, which can take various forms.

Innovation (Deviance)

Rejection of socially acceptable means to achieve success.

Ritualism (Deviance)

Rejects success goals but continues as diligent workers.

Retreatism (Deviance)

Withdrawal from society and indifference to success.

Rebellion (Deviance)

Attempts to change societal goals and means.

Folkways

Socially accepted behaviors that lack moral significance.

Mores

Norms related to moral conventions.

Taboos

Behaviors that are absolutely forbidden in a specific culture.

Laws

Rules and regulations implemented by the state for social control.

Conformity

The act of behaving in a way that is socially acceptable.

Social Control

Means to ensure that people behave as expected.

Internal Social Control

Socialization that develops within the individual.

External Social Control

Social sanctions or systems of rewards and punishments from outside the individual.

Human Dignity

The intrinsic value and respect each person deserves as a fundamental human right.

Violations of Human Rights

Actions such as humiliation, degrading treatment, and torture that undermine human dignity.

Common Good

The benefit of the public interest achieved through collective efforts in society.

Social Groups

Collections of individuals who have regular contact and interactions, sharing common goals.

Primary Group

A small group characterized by intimate relationships and strong bonds.

Secondary Group

A group where connections are formed through shared interests rather than intimacy.

Reference Group

A social group to which an individual feels they belong, affecting their self-identity.

Kinship

Social institution based on relationships among members of society.

Consanguineal Kinship

Kinship based on blood relationships.

Patrilineal Descent

Descent traced through the male line.

Matrilineal Descent

Descent traced through the female line.

Bilateral Descent

Descent traced through both male and female lines.

Affinal Kinship

Kinship based on marriage relationships.

Endogamy

Marriage within one's own social group.

Exogamy

Marriage outside one's social group.

Arranged Marriage

Marriage organized by families rather than chosen by the individuals.

Monogamy

The practice of having one partner at a time.

Polygamy

The practice of having multiple partners.

Polygyny

A form of polygamy where one man has multiple female partners.

Polyandry

A form of polygamy where one woman has multiple male partners.

Patrilocal Residence

Couples live with or near the husband's relatives.

Matrilocal Residence

Couples live with or near the wife's relatives.

Neolocal Residence

Couples establish a new residence independent of both sets of kin.

Compadrazgo

Ritualized kinship formed through god-parenthood.

Nuclear Family

A family unit consisting of two parents and their children.

Extended Family

A family that extends beyond the nuclear family, including relatives.

Chiefdom

A political organization with a formal leader, often hereditary.

State

A political unit with sovereignty over its territory and population.

Formal Education

Structured education that follows a specific curriculum.

Non-formal Education

Organized educational activity outside the classroom, flexible and learner-centered.

Informal Education

Learning that occurs in casual or non-organized settings, such as at home.

Manifest Education

The intended and primary functions of education, such as academic learning.

Latent Education

Secondary functions of education that are not intended, such as social networks.

Citizenry

The role of individuals as active participants in civic life.

Self-Actualization

The pursuit of reaching one's full potential and capabilities.

Maslow’s Self-Actualization Characteristics

Traits of self-actualized individuals including acceptance, problem-solving, and spontaneity.