EAPP 1

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Academic Reading

An active process of interacting with a text by taking notes, making connections, and asking critical questions.

Academic Text

Critical, objective, specialized reading material that presents concepts or theories for a scholarly audience.

Non-Academic Text

Writing aimed at a general audience; may be produced by anyone and lacks scholarly focus.

Textbook

A standard work for a branch of study, designed to help learners and varying in style, tone, and level.

Essay

A short literary composition on a specific theme, usually prose, analytic, speculative, or interpretative, often citing sources.

Descriptive Text

ESSAY TYPE that portrays the characteristics or features of a subject.

Narrative Text

ESSAY TYPE that tells a story or recounts events in sequence.

Expository Text

ESSAY TYPE that explains a theme, concept, or subject.

Persuasive Text

ESSAY TYPE that aims to prove a point or convince the reader.

Introduction (Essay)

Opening section containing a hook, transitional statement, and thesis statement.

Body (Essay)

The main section providing supporting details or evidence for the thesis.

Conclusion (Essay)

Closing section restating the thesis, summarizing points, and giving final thoughts.

Thesis (Document)

A long piece of academic work or the main idea of a composition, often required for a degree.

Dissertation

A long-form academic paper based on original PhD research.

Research Article

A journal-published report of original research for specialist audiences.

Case Study

A detailed report examining a person, group, or situation within disciplines like business, sociology, or law.

Research Report

A written account describing what was observed, heard, done, or investigated, with evaluation of its importance.

Content (Academic Writing)

Concepts, principles, and theories linked to the discipline explored.

Style (Academic Writing)

Qualities of a well-written paragraph: organization, unity, coherence, cohesion, language use, and mechanics.

Academic Language

Formal, objective, technical language used in classrooms, textbooks, and scholarly writing.

Formal

Language avoiding contractions, slang, colloquialisms, and emotional expressions.

Objective

Language that emphasizes facts and ideas over personal feelings or direct reference to people.

Technical

Discipline-specific terms essential for precise academic communication.

Thesis Statement

A sentence expressing the main idea or argument of an essay or paper.

Outlining

Planning a text’s main and supporting points in hierarchical order before writing.

Summarizing

Condensing a text’s main ideas into a concise form using one’s own words.

Text Structure

The organizational pattern an author uses to arrange information in writing.

Chronological

Arrangement of information in time order.

Cause and Effect

Organization showing reasons and resulting outcomes, signaled by words like "because" and "thus."

Compare and Contrast

Pattern highlighting similarities and differences between ideas or objects.

Problem-Solution

Pattern stating a problem followed by one or more proposed resolutions.

Sequence and Process

Organization laying out steps or phases without implying cause–effect relationships.

Spatial & Descriptive

Pattern describing something according to its physical arrangement in space.

Hook

Attention-getting opening sentence or element in an introduction.

Transitional Statement

Sentence linking the hook to the thesis statement and guiding readers forward.

Supporting Details

Facts, examples, or evidence used in the body to back up the thesis.

RRL (Review of Related Literature)

Section that surveys existing studies and theories relevant to the research topic.

Bibliography

A list of sources cited or consulted in academic work.

Signal Words

Words such as "first," "as a result," or "however" that indicate relationships within a text’s structure.

Academic Text

A type of writing that is written by professionals in a given field and is also intended for a scholarly audience