Chapter 4 BIO ALLIED HEALTH

What is metabolism?

All chemical reactions in an organism either store or release energy.

What is catabolism?

breakdown of molecules to release energy (metabolic reaction)

What is Anabolism?

synthesizing of molecules requiring energy.

What is coupling?

energy synthesis from catabolism power and anabolic reactions.

What does ATP stand for?

Adenosine Triphosphate.

What is the primary energy carrier source during metabolism?

ATP.

What converts to ADP when energy is being used?

ATP

How is the metabolism recharged?

Through cellular respiration.

What is glycolysis?

It’s the breakdown of glucose.

What is Aerobic Respiration?

occurs in the presence of oxygen and involves oxidation or organic molecules to produce energy of ATP, Carbon Dioxide.

What is an electron transport chain?

Transfer of electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors.

What is Anaerobic Respiration?

Cellular respiration that occurs without the presence of oxygen.

What is DNA Structure Made of?

Made out of double helix made from nucleotide bases. (A=T C=G)

What are the two types of energy?

Potential and Kinetic energy.

What are enzymes?

Catalyst that speeds up metabolic reactions.

How do enzymes control metabolic reactions?

They can lower activation energy and speed up reactants.

What are Sequential Reactants?

Reactions that involve multiple enzyme-driven steps.

What are rates in metabolic reactions?

It limits enzymes and regulates pathway activities.

What are cyclical pathways?

These are metabolic pathways that operate in a circular or cyclic manner.

What are some factors that could affect enzyme function?

Temperatures, ph. substance concentration and cofactors (e.g. minerals)

What is transcription (Protein Synthesis)?

DNA —>MRNA first step of gene expression where an RNA polymer is created from a DNA template.

What is translation (Protein Synthesis)?

MRNA —> protein occurs in ribosomes.