ANSC 224 iClicker

Which aspect of reproduction is of greatest importance?

a. Animal reproduction for food and products

b. Companion animal fertility

c. Wild animal species preservation

d. Wild animal population control

e. Human population

c

If you wanted to control reproduction in your animal species of interest, what would you have to know?

a. Reproductive anatomy

b. Reproductive cycle

c. Endocrine control of reproduction

d. How to assess reproductive status

e. all of the above

e

The length of pregnancy for a 120 lbs woman and a 1200 lbs cow:

a. nearly the same number of days

b. is 10x longer for the cow

c. is much shorter for the cow

a

Compared to species that have 1 offspring per pregnancy, litter bearing species have follicles that contain ___ egg(s)

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4-16

d

The length of pregnancy for a 120 lbs woman and a 1200 lbs cow:

a. nearly the same number of days

b. is 10x longer for the cow

c. is much shorter for the cow

a

What is the greatest number of babies born alive to a woman in a single year using IVF?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 4

d. 8

e. 16

d

Structurally, which is/are parts of the TUBES of the reproductive tract?

a. uterus

b. oviduct

c. ovaries

d. a and b only

e. all of the above

d

Who am I? I am involve in embryo attachment, sperm transport, and destruction of the CL.

a. ovulatory follicle

b. oviduct

c. cervix

d. vagina

e. none of the above

e

Follicle(s) that will ovulate at estrus can be classified as

a. dominant-follicle-ovulatory

b. primary

c. monotocous

a

Hormones are primarily cleared from circulation by:

a. respiratory system

b. nervous system

c. liver and kidney

d. absorption into muscle, bone, and fat

e. all of the above

c

Which reproductive hormone set serves as a good example of positive feedback?

a. androgen and estrogen

b. GnRH and LH

c. FSH and LH

d. estrogen and LH

e. none of the above

d

Which of the following would most likely suppress uterine contractility?

a. oxytocin

b. prostaglandin

c. progesterone

d. all of the above

e. a and b only

c

What would be the size of a large/dominant follicle in a killer whale?

a. 10 mm

b. 20 mm

c. 40 mm

d. 80 mm

e. 160 mm

c

Which of the following animals, has the shortest duration of estrus (less than or equal to 1 day)?

a. rat and cow

b. pig and horse

c. dog and cat

d. all of the above

a

If a cow was observed in standing estrus on April 1st, and not bred, when would she be expected to express next estrus?

a. april 7th

b. april 14th

c. april 21st

d. may 1st

e. none of the above

c

Which of the following species do not have a typical luteal phase?

a. pig

b. horse

c. rat

d. woman

e. cow

c

From which species could you find dominant or ovulatory sized follicles in the luteal phase?

a. woman

b. rat

c. cow

d. pig

e. none of the above

c

Progesterone feedback at the hypothalamus and pituitary will?

a. decrease LH

b. increase LH

c. induce an LH surge

d. grow follicles

e. start uterine contractions

a

Women will stop reproductive cycles because:

a. the pituitary gonadotrophs degenerate

b. uterus continues to release prostaglandin

c. follicles/ova are depleted

d. the corpus luteum induces pseudopregnancy

e. none of the above

c

Final maturation of a selected follicle toward dominance requires increased binding of:

a. LH

b. FSH

c. estrogen

d. progesterone

e. GnRH

a

In which of these species, does ESTRUS begin AFTER ovulation?

a. dog

b. horse

c. pig

d. cow

e. none of the above

e

In cyclin animals and women, the follicle phase is initiated:

a. after ovulation

b. after estrus

c. after luteolysis

d. with CL formation

e. when primordial follicles leave the resting pool

c

What would you guess is the approximate length of gestation for the wolf?

a. 28 d

b. 65 d

c. 128 d

d. 244 d

b

What hormone would be most difficult to detect from a venous blood sample during to being very low?

a. progesterone

b. estrogen

c. FSH

d. LH

b

The inner most layer of a follicle that converts androgen to estrogen, binds FSH, and produces inhibin

a. antrum

b. granulosa

c. theca

d. luminal

b

In a group of 100 randomly cyclin cows, what percent would be expected to cycle within a 1 week observation period?

a. 100%

b. 75%

c. 50%

d. 33%

e. 0%

d

How many foals are usually born in a single year from natural services"?

a. 0

b. 1

c. 2

d. 3

e. 4

c

From a single mature female mouse, how many offspring could be born in a year?

a. 36000

b. 360

c. 36

d. 16

e. 6

b

Which result is most convincing about the function of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?

a. luteinizing hormone (LH) increases near ovulation

b. administration of luteinizing hormone induces ovulation

c. blocking luteinizing hormone or mutating LH gene prevents ovulation

b

How might a SNP in a non-coding DNA sequence affect animal growth?

a. by changing the RNA sequence transcribed from that gene

b. by changing the translated protein structure to make the protein more active

c. by changing how the activity of the gene was regulated

d. by causing mutations in growth-related genes

c

Growth Factors that increase cell proliferation bind to receptors and often activate

a. the MAPK pathway which increases transcription of cyclins

b. the PI-3K pathway which increases transcription of cyclins

c. the PI-3K pathway which increases mTOR signaling

d. the MAPK pathway which increases cell metabolism

e. the MAPK pathway which activates the Ubiqutin-Proteasomal system

a

In very early embryos in some species, cells divide rapidly by

a. by skipping the S phase of the cell cycle

b. by staying in the G0 phase and organelles

c. not producing more RNA and organelles

d. by activating the PI-3K pathway

c

What would you expect to happen if you transplanted the entire AER to a different location?

a. no limb would form

b. the AER would die quickly

c. a limb would form in the new location

d. the mesenchyme near the transplanted AER would die quickly

e. a limb with two hands would form in the new location

c

Of the following individual fetuses, which one would have the greatest daily weight gain during gestation?

a. cattle

b. human

c. pig

d. cat

e. rat

a

What fetus shows the fastest rate of fetal growth (g/day) relative to their birthweight?

a. cattle

b. human

c. pig

d. cat

e. rat

e

Which maternal animal would experience the greatest fetal weight burden relative to her own weight?

a. cattle

b. human

c. pig

d. cat

e. rat

e

Should humans be concerned about too much GH from drinking cow’s milk?

a. no it doesn't work that way

b. yes, it is a real concern

c. not sure

a

Where does the majority of IGF originate to impact fetal growth?

a. fetal liver

b. fetal pituitary

c. placenta

d. maternal liver

c

To impact growth of the fetus, GH of ___ origin is essential:

a. fetal

b. maternal

c. dietary

b

IGF is produced by ___ to induce growth of tissues

a. liver

b. bone

c. muscle

d. all of the above

d

IGF bioactivity is tightly regulated in post natal and maternal animals by

a. IGF binding proteins

b. thyroid hormones

c. glucocorticoids

d. insulin

e. placenta

a

The greatest risk for abortion due to extended negative stress on the mother, arises from:

a. viral infection

b. competition for progesterone precursor

c. low GH-IGF

d. reduced nutrients for fetus

b

The sex steroids are typically low in animals of both sexes before puberty, but still have positive effects on tissue growth and can come from

a. adrenal cortex

b. gonads

c. liver

d. muscles

e. a and b only

e

Thyroid function is important in a newborn because

a. impacts cells metabolism though oxygen

b. regulates the thermogenic response

c. improves ability to breathe

d. improves fat deposits

e. a and b only

e

Long bone growth ends normally at puberty when

a. androgen steroids cross-link to harden bone

b. bone is replaces by cartilage

c. calcium is depleted

d. cortisol increases to a peak

e. estrogen levels reach a threshold

e

If you had to assign jobs to the placenta, which one would you choose?

a. a protective barrier

b. endocrine organ

c. a fetal container

d. a metabolic organ

a

What would be TRUE statements for normal fetal growth?

a. requires functional maternal GH-OGF system

b. requires a functional fetal and maternal thyroid

c. requires steroids from fetal adrenal and gonads

d. requires placental IGF

e. all of the above

e

Placental protection fro the fetus is:

a. provided by tight cell junctions

b. provided by numerous cell layers

c. provided by a wall of antibodies

d. all of the above

e. a and b only

d

If you where on the international olympic committee and one female athlete filed an appeal stating that another female athlete (whose outward appearance was female but was rumored to have testes) was really male, what would your decision be?

a. the athlete in question should be given a genetic test for the Y chromosome

b. the athlete in question should be given a blood test for androgens

c. the athlete in question should be given a blood test for estrogens

d. the exterior genitalia of the athlete in question should be examined

e. the athlete in question should be examined to prove she has/does not have ovaries

b

During sexual development, what is directly responsible for the maintenance of the Wolffian (mesonephric) duct and regression of the Mullerian (paramesonephric) duct?

a. hormones from the ovary

b. hormones from the testes

c. the Sry gene

d. the y chromosome

e. the x chromosome

b

When cattle have mixed twins (male and female), why is the male not affected?

a. blood flows only from the male to the female when the placentas fuse

b. the female development pathway is the default pathway and, because female development happens in the absence of AMH and testosterone, it cannot influence the males

c. male fetuses are larger and, because of this, they are dominant during fetal development

b

What would happen to endogenous testosterone of someone took an androgen?

a. increase

b. decrease

c. not change

b

At what point in a male animal’s lifetime do its germ cells begin mitosis ____, meiosis ____ and differentiation ____

a. puberty, puberty and puberty

b. birth, puberty, maturity

c. fetus, puberty and puberty

d. birth, puberty and puberty

e. fetus, puberty and maturity

c

Which processes occur in male germ cells in the adult?

a. meiosis

b. differentiation

c. mitosis and meiosis

d. meiosis and differentiation

e. mitosis, meiosis and differentiation

e

How much time must elapse for a section of the seminiferous tubules to have precisely the same cells?

a. about 2 days

b. about 14 days

c. about 30 days

d. about 60 days

e. about 6 months

b

Which of the following statements about meiosis is true:

a. in males, meiosis begins at puberty but in females, it begins at the fetal stage

b. in males, meiosis begins at the fetal stage but in females, it begins at puberty

c. in both sexes, germ cell mitosis occurs after meiosis

d. stem cell meiosis occurs in both sexes as an adult so that animals can produce many gametes

a

ABC contraceptives developed a compound that inhibits specifically the entry into the first part of prophase 1 of meiosis. would this compound be a useful contraceptive?

a. yes because gametes in both male and females must pass though this step

b. only in females because male germ cells in the adult have already advanced past this stage

c. only in males because female germ cells in the adult have already advanced past this stage

d. not in neither males nor females because germ cells in adults of both sexes have advanced past this stage

e. not in neither males nor females because germ cells do not pass though meiosis

c

What would you expect the outcome to be if a gene encoding a cortical granule enzyme that removed the sperm binding site from the zona were inactivated?

a. sperm would continue to bind to oocytes after fertilization

b. no fertilization would occur

c. there would be no effect

d. the oocyte would activate spontaneously (without sperm, parthenogenesis)

a

Which structure contains the DNA that is the female contribution to the embryo?

a. first polar body

b. second polar body

c. female pronucleus

d. male pronucleus

e. residual body

c

Which animal produces milk?

a. pigeons

b. salamanders

c. frogs

d. alligators

e. robins

a

The non-mineral component that varies least is:

a. milk fat, because it is necessary to energy for the neonate

b. milk lactose, because it is responsible for drawing water into milk by osmosis

c. milk protein, because it is a component for which dairy farmers practice genetic selection

d. milk amino acids because they are used to make milk proteins

e. immunoglobulins because they are needed for protection of the neonate

b

How do you induce lactation in an animal that was not pregnant?

a. administer progesterone and estrogen daily for several weeks and then stop

b. administer prolactin daily for several weeks

c. administer glucocorticoids for several weeks

d. administer somatotropins (growth hormones) daily for several weeks

e. play an audio recording of a hungry calf daily for several weeks

a