Chemistry - metals + extraction of metals (chemical changes)

metal + oxygen →

metal oxide

oxidation

gain of oxygen, loss of electrons

metal + oxygen →

metal oxide

oxidation

gain of oxygen, loss of electrons

reduction

loss of oxygen, gain of electrons

how is a metals reactivity determined?

by how easily they lose their electrons

state 4 observations that would occur when potassium, sodium and lithium react with water

• fizzing as hydrogen gas is produced

• vigorously moves on water surface

• potassium produces lilac flame

• forms a strong alkali making universal indicator purple

why do highly reactive metals (e.g., potassium and sodium) lose electrons very easily?

because their outer electrons are far from the nucleus and less attached

why do less reactive metals (e.g., iron and copper) lose electrons not as easily?

because their outer electrons are closer to the nucleus and more strongly attracted

metal + water →

metal hydroxide + hydrogen

metal + acid →

salt + hydrogen

state 4 observations that would occur when magnesium, zinc and iron react with a dilute acid

magnesium

• reacts vigorously with cold dilute acids

• produces a lot of bubbles

zinc and iron

• react slowly

• react strongly as they are heated up

potassium, sodium, and lithium are ______ in dilute acids as they are _________

explosive, reactive

what are metals higher than carbon in the reactivity series extracted by?

electrolysis

what are metals below carbon in the reactivity series extracted by? and why?

reduction using carbon, usually in a blast furnace

this is because carbon only takes away oxygen

which metal is found in the earth as the metal itself?

gold

redox reaction

a chemical reaction in which both reduction and oxidation occur at the same time (displacement reaction)

displacement reaction

when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound

equation for neutralisation

acid + base/ alkali → salt + water

if an alkali is reacted with hydrochloric acid it produces which salt?

chlorides

if an alkali is reacted with nitric acid it produces which salt?

nitrates

if an alkali is reacted with sulfuric acid it produces which salt?

sulfates