APES U4 Test

Where is this location?

a) Taiga/Boreal

b) Tundra

c) Tropical Rain Forest

d) Temperate Grassland

c) Tropical Rainforest

The tragedy of the commons happens in all of the following except for which place?

a) Backyard of a typical home

b) County Forest Preserve

c) Des Plaines River

d) Yellowstone National Park

e) Pacific Ocean

a) backyard

Which of the following is NOT considered a renewable resource?

a) water

b) sunlight

c) soil

d) coal

e) vegetation

d) coal

A ___ is the amount of land needed to produce the resources needed by an average person in a country.

a) Carrying Capacity

b) Sustainable Yield

c) biosystem

d) Biosphere Preserve

e) Ecological Footprint

e) ecological footprint

Amount of energy lost as it flows to higher levels in an ecosystem

a) 5%

b) 10%

c) 50%

d) 90%

e) 95%

d) 90%

Select all of following that are examples of ionizing radiation

a) Radio waves

b) Gamma rays

c) UV

d) microwaves

e) X-Rays

b) gamma rays

e) x-rays

2 Ways in Which humans have most interfered w/ carbon cycle

a) aerobic respiration and burning of fossil fuels

b) cultivating algae and replanting forests

c) burning of fossil fuels and removal of forests

d) fertilizer runoff and chemosynthesis

e) removal of forests and aerobic respiration

c) burning of fossil fuels and removal of forests

An herbivore is a ___ and at the __ trophic level

a) primary producer, first

b) secondary producer, second

c) primary consumer, second

d) secondary consumer, second

e) tertiary consumer, third

c) primary consumer, second

What type of species would be the best ex of curve A?

a) Elephants

b) Humans

c) Birds

d) Insects

Elephants

Greatest threat to most species is

a) Reduction of Habitats

b) Water Pollution

c) Climate Change

d) Sport Hunting

e) Invasive Species

a) reduction of habitats

5 Islands A B C D E differ only in distance from mainland, area, and species diversity. Which island would be predicted to have lowest species diversity?

a) 50km, 1e2 HA

b) 50km, 1e6 HA

c) 500km, 1e2 HA

d) 1,000km, 1e2 HA

e) 1,000km 1e6 HA

d) smallest, and most isolated

All of the following are considered sustainable methods to preserve soil EXCEPT which?

a) alley cropping

b) annual plowing

c) contour farming

d) windbreaks

e) terracing

b) annual plowing

An ecosystem is found to contain 15 diff species of plants. Which of the following is true?

a) The species evenness of the ecosystem

b) The species richness of the ecosystem

c) The species climatogram

d) The limiting factors of the ecosystem

b) richness

Spotted lanternfly question

c) r-selected and invasive

Range of tolerance for soil moisture question species 1 and 2

d) 2 seperate but touching curves

16 Forest preserve samples by ecologists in spring. sample yields 47 oak trees and 6 deer

d) biodiversity of the forest preserve has decreased

All of the following are true for most dams except for which?

a) they disrupt migration of fish pops along rivers

b) they provide for year-round irrigation of crops

c) they reduce flooding in upstream ares

d) they provide electricity through hydropower

e) they create reservoirs useful for recreation and fishing

c) they reduce flooding

Species such as birds that serve as early warnings of environmental damage are called

a) Nonnative species

b) Keystone Species

c) Specalist Species

d) Indicator Species

e) Generalist Species

d) Indicator Species

Which of the following best illustrates an abiotic component of the env affecting a biotic component of the env?

a) Composted manure is added to ag soil during spring tilling

b) Coral reefs modify the direction of an ocean current

c) Plants release O2 into the atmosphere during photosynthesis

d) Low phosphorous content in soil limits growth of vegetation

e) A thick planting of ground cover reduces soil erosion on a hillside

d) Low phosphorous content in soil limits growth of vegetation

Barnacles attach themselves to whales and in doing so gain both habitat and food like plankton that whale also feeds on. The whale itself is not harmed, nor does it benefit. What is this an example of?

a) Competition

b) Mutualism

c) Commensualism

d) Parasitism

e) Predation

c) Commensalism

Where is topsoil found?

a) B

b) O

c) D

d) A

E) C

d) A

Which of the following is FALSE?
a) Fire may help to release minerals locked up inside organisms

b) Fire is a universally dangerous and destructive force that reduces productivity

c) Crown fires are considered especially destructive as they consume entire trees

d) Fire may occur periodically in the absence of human activity

e) Surface fires may be prescribed to reduce chance of more serious fires

b) Fire is a universally dangerous and destructive force that reduces productivity

What type of soil is found with 20% clay, 60% silt, and 20% sand?

a) Clay

b) Loam

c) Sandy Loam

d) Sandy Clay Loam

e) Silt Loam

e) Silt Loam

Which of the following is a measure of the biodiversity of an ecosystem?

a) the total number of individuals in a single animal species

b) the density of individuals in a hectare

c) the total number of different species

d) the soil depth at which burrowing insects are located

c) the total number of different species

Clay has a ___ porosity and ___ permeability

a) high, high

b) low, low

c) high, low

d) low, high

c) high, low

Which of the following is considered to be a key nutrient in soil? Mark all that apply.

a) potassium

b) chlorine

c) nitrate

d) hydrogen

e) phosphate

a) potassium

c) nitrate

e) phosphate

Which of the following is not an example of primary succession? Mark all that apply.

a) a cool volcanic lava field

b) an abandoned farm field

c) a prairie that has experienced a surface fire

d) a forest that has been recently clear-cut

e) a parking lot

b, c, d

Thermal pollution will deplete which is defined from a body of water?

a) nitrates

b) dissolved oxygen

c) turbidity

d) phosphates

e) mercury

b) dissolved oxygen

The net annual primary productivity of a particularly wetland ecosystem is found to be 8,000 kcal/m2 per year. If respiration by the aquatic producers is 12,000 kcal/m2 per year, what is the gross annual primary productivity for this system?

a) 4k

b) 8k

c) 12k

d) 20k

e) 96k

d) 20k

Which of the following immediately decreases photosynthesis in bodies of water?

a) potassium

b) phosphates

c) nitrates

d) turbidity

e) ammonia

d) turbidity

the graph above shows effective sewage on biological oxygen demand and DO in a flowing stream. The smallest fish population will most probably be found at point

A, B, C, D, E

B

Which of the following is not a major factor of climate?

a) latitude

b) longitude

c) altitude

d) proximity to large bodies of water

b) longitude

Which of the following stages of cultural eutrophication occurs immediately after the algae bloom dies off?

a) fish kills

b) decrease in DO.

c) increase in anaerobic bacteria

d) increase in aerobic bacteria

e) increase in DO

b) decrease in DO.

Species such as sea otters and honey bees whose roles in an ecosystem are much more important than their abundance would suggest because many other species depend on them are called

a) non-native species.

b) specialist species

c) Keystone species

d) Indicator species

e) generalist species

c) Keystone species

Select all of the following that are considered to be products of photosynthesis.

a) H2O

b) C6H12O6

c) O2

d) CO2

e) energy

B C

Mark all of the following that are characteristics of ecosystems vulnerable to invasive species.

a) similar climate to habitat of invading species

b) Late Successional Systems?

c) absence of fire

d) high diversity of native species

e) disturbance by human activities

A C E

Which of the following methods of harvesting trees involves cutting immediate-age and mature trees cut singely in small groups?

a) selective cutting

b) seed tree cutting

c) clear cutting

d) shelter woodcutting

e) Strip cutting

a) selective cutting

Which of the following is most likely to occur in a forested region that has recently been clear cut?

a) the average temperature of the region will likely decrease

b) the amount of sediment pollution in streams running through the region will increase

c) the average depth of topsoil will increase

d) the volume of runoff after rains will increase

e) the frequency of landslides will decrease

b) the amount of sediment pollution in streams running through the region will increase

The overuse of groundwater can lead to the following (select all that apply).

a) salt water intrusion

b) Recharge of the watershed

c) aquifer depletion

d) aquifer infiltration

e) subsidence

a, c, e

Which of the following likely has the highest overall annual net primary productivity?

a) Tropical Rainforest

b) sub-tropical desert

c) Temperate Grassland

d) Tundra

a) Tropical Rainforest

A population of a thousand hawks in a forest experienced 375 immigrants, 400 deaths, 250 births, and 125 immigrants over the course of a year. By what percent did the population change in this time?

a) 1%

b) 10%

c) 70%

d) 100%

e) 1150%

b) 10%

Elements that cycle in the environment and that also have a gaseous phase at some point in their cycle are which of the following?

a) Carbon

b) Phosphorous

c) Carbon and Phosphorous

d) Carbon and Nitrogen

e) all 3

d) Carbon and Nitrogen

Select all the following methods for killing bacteria from wastewater discharge.

a) Ozone

b) Chlorination

c) Aeration

d) Flocculation

e) UV Light

a, b, e

Which number in the diagram above would best represent the winter for a northern hemisphere?

1, 2, 3, 4

a. 1

All of the following are characteristics of species prone to biological extension except which?

a) feeds at high trophic level

b) is classified as a specialist species

c) is considered to be commercially valuable

d) has a limited diet

e) reaches s*xual maturity at an early age

e) reaches s*xual maturity at an early age

A sample of water is collected from Lake Michigan and found to be contaminated with mercury at a level of 5% how many ppm does this equate to?

a) 0.005ppm

b) 500ppm

c) 5k ppm

d) 50kppm

e) 500k ppm

d) 50kppm

The concentration of H+ ions in a solution with the pH value of 2 is how many times as great as the concentration of H+ ions in a solution with pH value of 5?

a) 1

b) 10

c) 100

d) 1000

e) 10000

d) 1000

If the world's population of six billion people grew by 0.02 in 2000 and continued at that rate, how long would it take Earth's population to double?

a) 0.35 yrs

b) 3.5 yrs

c) 35 yrs

d) 350 yrs

e) 3500 yrs

c) 35 yrs

The average American produced 2500 tons of CO2 in 1960 and produced 12500 tons in 2020. What is the approximate percent increase in carbon dioxide from 1960 to 2020?

a) 4%

b) 20%

c) 40%

d) 400%

e) 4000%

d) 400%

After 200m years, only 1/16 of the original amount of a particular radioactive waste will remain. The halflife of this waste is how many million yrs?

a) 12.5

b) 25

c) 50

d) 75

e) 100

c) 50