Psych Unit 5 Treatments of Psychological disorders

Deinstitutionalization

Late 20th century a shift from large scale care in psychiatric hospitals to decentralized care that is community-based. Combination of medicine and therapy. Emphasis on independent living.

nonmaleficence, fidelity and integrity, respect rights and dignity of people

What are the 3 ethical principles in treatment?

nonmaleficence

Do no harm. Current research on treatments. Recognized when client needs are beyond their ability. Ethical principle in treatment.

fidelity and integrity

Commitment to clients. Honest and fair with clients. Ethical principle in treatment.

psychotropic therapy and psychotherapy

What are the two types of treatment?

effective, therapy, eclectic

Meta-Analysis shows 3 things:

1. Psychotherapy is ________

2. There is no single ________

3. ________ Approach- various therapies and medication

Therapeutic alliance and evidence-based practice

The role of a therapist is to establish what 2 things?

therapeutic alliance

Is the relationship between therapist and client

evidence based practice

The therapist should use latest research

psychotherapies

What kind of therapies are the styles: psychoanalytic, cognitive, behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, humanist, group, family, hypnosis

psychoanalytic therapy

• dream interpretation

• free association

• unconscious mind

psychodynamic therapy

Purpose is to unlock the patient’s unconscious mind that is causing the problem behavior. The insight therapy works toward finding the problem and healing it. Techniques: free association and dream interpretation Dreams: latent content vs manifest content.

free association

The patient speaks freely about memories, dreams, feelings

dream interpretation

the therapist suggests unconscious meanings and underlying wishes to help the client gain insight and release conflict

cognitive therapy

• teaches us new ways of thinking

• the problem is the negative thinking

• depression is caused not by the bad event, but our thoughts about the events

• catastrophizing

• cognitive triad therapy

catastrophizing

Always start with the worse possible outcome and overgeneralizing the situation Anxious student before a test: “this test is probably going to be impossible. Everyone seems so relaxed and confident. I wish I were better prepared. I’m going to fail. I hate school.”

cognitive triad therapy

Negative, automatic thoughts contribute to depression. The self, the world, the future.

behavioral therapy

• counter conditioning

• exposure therapies

• systematic desensitization

• aversion therapy

• token economics

behavior therapies

• counterconditioning- undoing a learned behavior

• exposure therapy

• aversion therapy

• token economy

exposure therapy

Exposure to what you fear. Systematic desensitization. Virtual reality exposure.

systematic desensitization

Reduce anxiety gradually with stronger versions of anxiety-producing therapy

aversion therapy

Create anxiety to a stimulus

token economy

Tickets given to reward behavior and then crashed in for bigger reward

behavior therapy

Does not try to solve the cause of the problem but change the behavior the problem is causing

counterconditioning

We learn behaviors through conditioning. Pairs a trigger stimulus with a new positive response.

exposure therapy

Exposure to the fear can reverse the reinforcement that created the fear. Repeated exposure and the person habituates to the feared situation. Two types of exposure therapy: systematic desensitization and virtual exposure therapy.

systematic desensitization

Beginning with a tiny reminder of the feared situation, keeps increasing the exposure intensity as the person learns methods to deal with the anxiety.

virtual exposure therapy

Electronic stimulations where people can safely face their fears

fear hierarchies

Client and therapist develop a fear hierarchy to rank the fear least to most terrifying.

aversion therapy

A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant feeling (nausea) with an unwanted behavior (nail biting). Unpleasant feeling (nausea) with an unwanted behavior (drinking alcohol).

token economy therapy

Behavior modification: reinforce good behavior; don’t reinforce unwanted behavior. Coins, stars, other indirect rewards are “tokens” that are earned and used later for bigger rewards.

cognitive-behavioral therapy

• dialectical behavior therapy

• rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

cognitive behavioral therapy

Help people alter the negative thinking and to learn healthy behavior patterns. Depression and anxiety.

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy

• challenge illogical and self-defeating attitudes

• confrontational therapy

• want to reveal the “absurdity” of the patient’s thoughts

• the focus is on action

Dialectical behavior therapy

A type of talking therapy that helps individuals manage intense emotions. Borderline Personality Disorder.

Humanistic Therapy

• Person-Centered therapy

• active listening

• unconditional positive regard

humanistic therapy

Focus on potential for growth. Promote taking responsibility for one’s behavior. Active listening. Unconditional positive regard.

active listening

Listener restates, clarifies and echoes what is being told to them.

unconditional positive regard

Nonjudgmental and caring.

hypnosis

Treating pain and anxiety. Retrieving memories.

group therapy

Conducted with groups rather than individuals, providing benefits from group interaction.

family therapy

Conducted as a family to identify and change maladaptive behaviors.

self help groups

Led by group members instead of therapist. Focus on support. Ex: alcoholics anonymous.

biological therapy

Psychotropic medication therapy

psychotropic medications

Drugs that affect the brain and central nervous system and are used to treat mental illness. Anti-depressants, anti-anxiety, anti-psychotic, lithium.

antipsychotic

Reduces positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Blocks dopamine receptors. Side effects: obesity, diabetes, twitching, tardive dyskinesia- involuntary movement of facial/tongue and body.

antianxiety

Reduces anxiety and worried thinking. Slows sympathetic nervous system. Side effects: slowed thinking, dependence, and withdrawal.

antidepressant

Reduces depression. Inhibits serotonin reuptake. Side effects: Dry mouth, constipation.

lithium

Reduces the highs of mania and lows of depression (mood stabilizer). How they work is unknown. Side effects: various

inhibiting reuptake

Many medications increase synaptic neurotransmitter levels; they stop the sending neuron from taking back its chemical messages. (anti-depressants)

transcranial magnetic stimulation

Stimulates prefrontal lobe to treat depression

electroconvulsive therapy

Mild seizure are induced to treat severe depression.

lobotomy

sever connections of frontal lobe to rest of the brain