VTNE A&P

ribosomes are the

site of protein synthesis

mitochondria are the

powerhouses of the cell

rough endoplasmic reticulum RER act as

transportation network for proteins

golgi apparatus do what

receive substances from the ER and package them for distribution or secretion.

lysosomes do what

break down waste materials and cellular debris.

cytoskeleton does what

gives the cell form, structure, and support

the nucleus is the

control center of the cell, containing genetic material.

define solute

a substance that can be dissolved

define solvent

a substance that does the dissolving

define solution

when the solute has dissolved and is no longer distinguishable from the solvent

define intracellular

within the cell

define extracellular

outside of the cell

define intercellular

between cells

hypotonic solution

RBCs gain water through osmosis and burst

hypertonic solution

RBCs lose water through osmosis and crenate or shrink.

isotonic solution

RBCs maintain their normal shape as water moves in and out equally.

what are the four primary types of tissue

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

epithelial tissue

covers body surface, lines body cavities, and forms the active part of glands.

Function: to protect, secretion, excretion, filtration, absorption of nutrients, and receipt of sensory information

endocrine

ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

exocrine

have ducts and secrete hormones onto a epithelial surface or into body cavities.

skeletal muscle

voluntary control

attaches to and moves bone

smooth muscle

involuntary control, found in walls of hollow organs

tendons attach

bone to muscle

ligaments attach

bone to bone

the cardiac muscle is

a involuntary striated muscle

neurons do what

conduct impulses

define caudal

toward the tail

define dorsal

toward the backbone

define ventral

away from the backbone of the body, toward the front or belly side.

define medial

closes to the median plane

define lateral

furthest away from the median plane

define proximal

nearest to the point of origin

define distal

farthest from the point of origin

define anterior

towards the head, used mostly in reference to limbs

define posterior

towards the tail, used mostly in reference to limbs

define palmer

bottom of the front foot

define plantar

bottom of the rear foot

define superficial

toward the outer surface of the animal

the axial skeleton includes what bones

the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum.

the appendicular skeleton includes what bones

all bones present in the limbs

compact bones

appear solid and provide strength and support

spongy bone

has a porous structure and is lighter than compact bone, providing support while reducing overall weight.

osteoblast

immature bone cell that produces the bone matrix known as osteoid

osteocyte

mature bone cell