Lecture 2 - History of Medical Technology

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

Branch of allied health profession

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

Deals with the study of various disciplines

400 BC

Diagnosis of Disease

➢ Based on mere observation of clinical symptoms of the patient’s palpation and auscultation.

UPPER CLASSES

Therapeutic procedures are available.

MIDDLE AND LOWER CLASSES

Non-scientific such as divinations through the performance of rituals and sacrifice to certain gods.

4000 BC

Physicians in Babylon made observations on the color and consistency of urine.

4000 BC

Studied under Clinical Microscopy (Urinalysis).

EBERS PAPYRUS

contained accounts describing polyuria and intestinal worms.

1500 BC

Studied under Parasitology.

CHINESE

Practical Immunization by inhaling powder made from smallpox scabs to develop immunity to disease.

IMMUNIZATION

It is when you are purposely exposed to a certain antigen that will not cause the disease but will trigger an immune response.

ROMANS

Developed lab tools such as:

➢ Forceps

➢ Scalpels

➢ Specula

➢ Surgical needles

INDIA

Practice of Toxicology (Agadatantra)

GREEKS

Able to conclude if the patient is diabetic by observing if the patient’s urine attracts ants.

GLUCOSURIA

Glucose in the urine.

GLUCOSURIA

Studied under Clinical Microscopy.

HIPPOCRATES

o Father of Medicine

o Greek Physician

o Born 460 BC

HIPPOCRATES

Made the Hippocratic Oath

HIPPOCRATES

Analyzed urine to aid in diagnosis

RUFUS OF EPHESUS

First described Hematuria.

HEMATURIA

Blood in the urine.

ANTISTIUS

First Forensic Pathologist

ANTISTIUS

In 44 BC, he performed the autopsy on the corpse of Julius Caesar (Roman Emperor).

ISAAC JUDAEUS

Devised guidelines for using urine as a diagnostic aid.

HEMATURIA

Kidney disease

UTI

Presence of WBC in the urine.

ZACHARIAS JANSSEN

Invention of the Microscope (only magnified 9x).

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

Improved Janssen’s Microscope.

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

First to describe the Red Blood Cell to see protozoa, and to classify bacteria according to shape.

MORPHOLOGIC EVALUATION

Nowadays, we call the classification of bacteria according to shape.

COCCI

Round Bacteria

BACILLI

Rod-shaped bacteria

DR. WILLIAM OSLER

Opened the first laboratory at John Hopkins Hospital.

ATHANASIUS KIRCHER

Used the microscope to investigate the Causes of Diseases.

ROBERT HOOKE

Published the Micrographia.

MICROGRAPHIA

Featured illustrations of his observations using the microscope

MARCELLO MALPIGHI

Investigated the Embryology of Chicks and the Histology and Physiology of the glands and viscera.

MARCELLO MALPIGHI

Fortified the concept by ascertaining the existence of capillaries.

JEAN BAPTISTE VAN HELMONT

Developed the Gravimetric Analysis of urine.

FREDERICK DEKKERS

Described the protein in urine.

PROTEINURIA

Presence of protein in urine.

RICHARD LOWER

Performed the first Blood Transfusion in animals.

WILLIAM HEWSON

Described the process of Coagulation.

FRANCIS HOME

Developed the Yeast Test for Sugar in diabetic urine.

MATTHEW DOBSON

Identified Sugar in the blood and urine of diabetics.

JOHANNES MULLER

Pioneered Clinical Cytology.

JOHANNES MULLER

Described the microscopic structure of various types of Cancer.

GIROLAMO FRACASTORO

Proposed a primitive version of the Germ Theory.

1883

1st Public Health Laboratory was established.

1887

Laboratorio Municipal de Manila was created to examine food, water, and clinical specimens.

1921

School of Hygiene and Public Health was established.

1927

UP formally opened its degree-granting School of Hygiene and Public Health.

1939

The Department of Public Health was created.

MALARIA

Mosquito-borne Diseases

CHOLERA

Water-borne Diseases

PHILIPPINE TROPICAL DISEASE BOARD

To study the disease occurrence in the country.

1899 – 1900

• Lt. Jere Clayton

• Lt. Richard Strong

• Contract Surgeon Joseph Curry

1900 – 1902

• Lt. Strong

• Lt. William Calvert

• Contract Surgeon Curry

March – December 1906

• Capt. Percy Ashburn

• Lt. Charles Craig

December 1906 – July 1909

• Capt. James Phalen

• Lt. Henry Nichols

July 1909 – January 1910

• Capt. Edwin Kilbourne

January 1910 – March 1910

• Maj. Weston Chamberlain

• Capt. James Phalen

• Capt. Edwin Kilbourne

• Opening of the Suez Canal

• Army arrived in the Philippines in September 1945.

2 IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT TRIGGERED THE START OF MEDICAL LABORATORY PRACTICE IN THE PHILIPPINES

MANILA PUBLIC HEALTH LABORATORY

1st LABORATORY BASED IN THE PHILIPPINES

Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda

1st LABORATORY BASED IN THE PHILIPPINES headed by

Dr. Mariano Icasiano

1st LABORATORY BASED IN THE PHILIPPINES with the assistance of

208 Quiricada Street in Sta. Cruz, Manila

LOCATION: 1st LABORATORY BASED IN THE PHILIPPINES

MANILA SANITARIUM AND HOSPITAL

Began in July 1929

Dr. Horace A. Hall

MANILA SANITARIUM AND HOSPITAL was managed by

1953

1st School of Medical Technology was opened

Mrs. Willa Hedrick

1st School of Medical Technology was opened, and lead by

Dr. Jesse Umali

became the first medical technology graduate.

1955

Dr. Jesse Umali became the first medical technology graduate

PERTINENT LAWS

Existing laws of the land mandate the professional practice of medical technology.

LABOR LAW

A medical technology professional is entitled to the benefits extended to him/her by an employer-employee relationship.

Rule 2:

Employment and Promotion

Rule 5:

Private Employment

Book 3:

Conditions of Employment

- 8 hours/day

- 5 days/week

Normal hours of work for employees is:

30%

A worker shall be entitled to an additional compensation of at least _____ of their regular wage for work on the sixth day.

CRIMINAL LAW

Found in Republic Act No. 5527.

CRIMINAL LAW

Embodied in the Revised Penal Code.

Title 1: Felonies and Circumstances

Felonies are acts and omissions that constitute crimes against persons, property and public interest, national security, liberty, fundamental laws of the state, and public health.

Title 14: Criminal Negligence

Reckless imprudence consists of voluntary but without malice.

CIVIL LAW OF THE PHILIPPINES

The laws and orders governing persons, property, ownership, obligations and contracts, succession, interstate proceedings, and family and marriage.

OBLIGATION

a juridical necessity to give, to do, or not to do.

OBLIGATION

arise from law contracts, quasi-contracts, acts or omissions punished by law, and quasi-delict.

CONTRACT

a meeting of minds between two persons where by one bind himself with respect to the other, to give something, or to render some service.

BILL OF RIGHTS

As mandated by the Constitution of the Philippines since a medical technology professional is a citizen.

CHED MEMORANDUM ORDER

Students of BSMT should comply with this.

CIVIL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Every person must, in the exercise of his rights and in the performance of his duties, act with justice, give everyone his due, and observe honesty, and good faith (Article 19, Chapter 2, NCC)

CODE OF PROFESSION ETHICS

Sets of standards relating to the conduct, integrity, and moral duties of medical technologists as prescribed and promulgated by duly accredited professional organization of medical technologists with the approval of the board.

THE PHILIPPINES ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST (PAMET)

The national organization for all RMTs in the Philippines.

September 15, 1963

THE PHILIPPINES ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST (PAMET) Founded on

Mr. Crisanto G. Almario

THE PHILIPPINES ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST (PAMET) Organized by

Mr. Crisanto G. Almario

(Father of PAMET)

Charlemagne T. Tamondong

1st PAMET President

June 22, 1973

Presidential Decree No. 223 was approved.

June 22, 1973

Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) was created

September 6, 1973

Proclamation No. 1181, Series of 1973