Science Y7 – MYP 1 Final Exam Question Bank

Flashcards for Science Y7 – MYP 1 Final Exam Review

Define a Cell.

A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms.

List four key differences between animal and plant cells.

1. Cell Wall: Plant cells have a cell wall, animal cells do not. 2. Chloroplasts: Plant cells have chloroplasts (for photosynthesis), animal cells do not. 3. Vacuoles: Plant cells have a large central vacuole, animal cells have smaller vacuoles. 4. Shape: Plant cells have a more regular shape, animal cells can vary more.

List six characteristics of living things.

1. Organization: Living things exhibit complex organization. 2. Metabolism: They carry out chemical reactions. 3. Growth: They increase in size. 4. Adaptation: They adapt to their environment. 5. Response: They respond to stimuli. 6. Reproduction: They produce offspring.

List the six levels of organization of a living system.

1. Atoms 2. Molecules 3. Cells 4. Tissues 5. Organs 6. Organ Systems

Classify Blood cells, Immune System, Stomach, Mitochondria and Muscle Tissue into the levels of organization.

Blood Cell: Cell, Immune System: Organ System, Stomach: Organ, Mitochondria: Molecule, Muscle Tissue: Tissue.

List four main differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

1. Nucleus: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells do not. 2. Organelles: Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells do not. 3. Size: Eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells. 4. Complexity: Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells.

Provide an example of a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

Prokaryotic: Bacteria, Eukaryotic: Animal Cell.

Explain how a taproot differs from a fibrous root system in terms of function, growth, and structure.

Taproot: Has one main root that grows deep, for accessing water deep underground. Fibrous Root: Has many roots that spread out near the surface to prevent erosion. Taproot usually grows faster whereas fibrous has more roots

Provide two examples of taproot system and fibrous root system.

Taproot: Carrot and Dandelion, Fibrous Root: Grass and Corn.

What are Seed-bearing plants divided into?

Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

What are the three regions of the tip root?

Cell division, Elongation and Maturation

Describe the function of the region of Cell Division in the tip root.

New cells are produced at the root tip.

Describe the function of the region of Elongation in the tip root.

Cells increase in length.

Describe the function of the region of Maturation in the tip root.

Cells mature and differentiate to carry out specific functions.

List at least 4 main functions of the stem in a plant.

1. Support: Supports the leaves and flowers and branches. 2. Transport: Transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. 3. Storage: Stores food and water. 4. Growth: Contains buds that produce new stems, leaves, or flowers.

What is the main difference between simple and compound leaves?

Simple leaves have one blade per petiole, compound leaves have multiple leaflets per petiole.

What is the definition for the margins of a leaf?

The edge of a leaf blade, can be smooth, toothed, lobed, etc.

List at least four characteristics of stomata.

1. Small pores 2. Usually on the underside of leaves 3. Surrounded by guard cells 4. Regulate gas exchange 5. Regulate water loss

What are the two main functions of stomata on the leaf?

Gas exchange (CO2 in, O2 out) and regulation of water loss.

Explain why photosynthesis is a vital process for the survival of plants.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose (food) and oxygen. It's how plants make their own food.

Define what chlorophyll is.

Chlorophyll is a green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy to carry out photosynthesis.

Summarize the overall process of photosynthesis in five steps.

1. Light Absorption: Chlorophyll absorbs light energy. 2. Water Uptake: Roots absorb water, which is taken to the leaves. 3. Carbon Dioxide Intake: Stomata take in carbon dioxide. 4. Conversion: Light energy converts water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. 5. Glucose Use: Plant uses glucose for energy and growth; some glucose is stored as starch.

Define what starch is.

Starch is a complex carbohydrate that plants use to store glucose (energy).

What is a flowering plant?

A plant that reproduces sexually by producing flowers.

Explain the process of pollination in flowering plants.

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen (male part) to the pistil (female part) of a flower, enabling fertilization and the production of seeds.

What is seed dispersal, and why is it important for plants?

Seed dispersal is the movement of seeds away from the parent plant. It is important to reduce competition for resources and to colonize new areas.

Name and describe two different methods by which seeds can be dispersed, giving an example for each.

1. Wind Dispersal: Seeds are lightweight and have structures like wings or parachutes to be carried by the wind (e.g., dandelion). 2. Animal Dispersal: Seeds are eaten by animals and pass through their digestive system, or they have hooks to stick to animal fur (e.g., burdock).

D or F: Force

Derived

D or F: Velocity

Derived

D or F: Mass

Fundamental

D or F: Length

Fundamental

D or F: Volume

Derived

D or F: Density

Derived

D or F: Temperature

Fundamental

D or F: Time

Fundamental

D or F: Acceleration

Derived

What are the SI units of mass?

Kilograms (kg)

What are the SI units of length?

Meters (m)

What are the SI units of volume?

Cubic meters (m³)

What are the SI units of time?

Seconds (s)

What are the SI units of density?

Kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³)

What are the SI units of temperature?

Kelvin (K)

What are the SI units of energy?

Joules (J)

What is the difference between scalar and vector quantity.

Scalar: Magnitude only. Vector: Magnitude and direction

Scalar or Vector: Force?

Vector

Scalar or Vector: Velocity?

Vector

Scalar or Vector: Time?

Scalar

Scalar or Vector: Mass?

Scalar

Define mass and weight.

Mass is the amount of matter in an object. Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object's mass.

Does mass or weight change when transitioning between planets?

Weight changes because gravity changes. Mass remains constant.

What are the units to measure mass?

Kilograms (kg)

What are the units to measure weight?

Newtons (N)

What is the independent variable, the dependent variable, and one controlled variable in the ice cube experiment?

Independent: Type of liquid, Dependent: Melting rate of ice cube, Controlled: Room temperature.

Explain the difference between independent and dependent variable.

Independent: Variable that is changed or controlled. Dependent: Variable that is being measured or tested.

If the volume stays the same, how does the mass change when the density of the material increases?

Mass increases when density increases. Yes, mass and density are directly proportional in this case. Density = Mass / Volume, so if Volume is constant, Mass is directly proportional to Density.

Which material (A or B) shows a directly proportional relationship between density and mass?

Material A.

A student is jogging at a constant speed of 3 m/s. They jog for 10 minutes. What is the distance the student travels?

1800m

Give a definition for acceleration.

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. The SI unit is meters per second squared (m/s²).

If an object is moving but its acceleration is zero, what happens to its speed?

Its speed remains constant. E.g., a car moving at a steady 50 km/h on a straight road.

What was the greatest velocity of the bus?

25 m/s

After what time has the bus stopped moving?

25 s

Between what times is the bus decelerating?

15s and 25s

Between what times is the bus travelling at constant speed?

5s and 15s

What is inertia, and which physical quantity is used to measure it?

Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion. Mass is used to measure inertia.

Give a real-life example of inertia in action.

When a car suddenly stops, passengers continue to move forward due to inertia.

What are the two conditions about an object's motion that must be true for it to be in equilibrium?

1. The object is at rest (static equilibrium). 2. The object is moving at a constant velocity (dynamic equilibrium).

When an object is in equilibrium, what is the value of its acceleration and the net force acting on it?

Acceleration is zero, and the net force is zero.

Which of Newton's Laws (1st, 2nd, 3rd ) explains what happens when the is in equilibrium?

1st Law