UTS

Western Concept of Self

A bounded, unique, more or less integrated motivational and cognitive universe, a dynamic center of awareness, emotion, judgment, and action organized into a distinctive whole and set contrastively background.

Western Self as Analytic

The western way of thinking is analytic -deductive, with emphasis causal links (part -to-whole-relationships).

Western Self as Monotheistic

The belief in one supreme Being coexisting with the universe condenses the supernatural and human capabilities into a bipolarity of both qualities of existence.

Western Self as Individualistic

Western Individualism exhibits the coexistence of favorable and unfavorable conditions inherent in personal freedom.

Western Self as Materialistic and Rationalistic

The western way of thinking is focused on material "things' and favors a rational -empirical approach over magical and superstitious explanations of immaterial "thing".

Hinduism

The Hindu concept of the self is expounded in Vedanta, a major school of Indian thought based on Upanishads, the classical Indian philosophical treatises.

Brahman

Defined as eternal, conscious, irreducible, infinite, omnipresent, and the spiritual core of the universe of finiteness and change.

Atman

Atman (soul or spirit), the true knowledge of self. Being an immortal soul, continues to be reincarnated from lifetime to lifetime until it is freed from the cycle of rebirth and reaches a state of nirvana or non-birth.

Law of Karma

All actions are subject to karma, Individual actions will lead to either good or bad outcomes in one's life.

Buddhism

A major world religion that originated in ancient India around the 5th century BCE. It emphasizes spiritual development, moral conduct, and the practice of mindfulness and meditation as means to achieve liberation from suffering and attain enlightenment.

Four Noble Truths

The basic principles of Buddhism, including the understanding that life is suffering and that suffering can be eliminated through the practice of the Eightfold Path.

Confucianism

Confucian doctrines are found in the Analects. Core of Confucian thought is the Golden Rule or the principle of reciprocity.

Taoism

A Chinese counterculture that rejects the Confucian idea of a relational self. To Taoists, the self is an extension of the cosmos, not of social relationships.

Dichotomy of Western and Eastern Conceptions of the Self

Eastern thoughts emphasize relationality, while Western thoughts tend to view the self as autonomous, unitary, and stable.

Physical Self

Refers to the body and tells us about how our body works, physical extremities, and body organs.

Lifespan

The stages a person goes through from conception to death.

Theory of Physiognomy

A person's physical characteristics could be related to their character or personality.

Theory of Five Elements

The characteristics of each element reflect a person's character or emotion.

Primary sexual characteristics

Characteristics directly related to reproduction, such as the penis and scrotum in males and the vagina and uterus in females.

Secondary sexual characteristics

Physical changes that occur during puberty, such as breast development in females and facial hair growth in males.

Erogenous zones

Highly sensitive areas of the body that produce sexual responses when stimulated.

Sexual-response cycle

The four phases of sexual arousal - excitement, plateau, orgasmic, and resolution.

Triangular Theory of Love

Robert Sternberg's theory that love consists of three components - intimacy, passion, and decision/commitment.

Sexual orientation

One's sexual attraction to people of the same or opposite gender, or both.

Contraception

Methods used to prevent pregnancy, such as condoms, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and contraceptive pills.

Spiritual self

The inner essence of a person that connects them to the sacred, supernatural, and universe.

Spirituality

Finding meaning and purpose in life, and having a relationship with a higher being.

Worship

Acts of reverence, faith, and love towards a transcendent being, often through prayer and religious rituals.

Religion

A set of cultural beliefs and practices that involve ideas about the spiritual sphere and knowing God.

Logotherapy

A form of therapy that focuses on finding meaning and purpose in life, developed by Viktor Frankl.

Logotherapy

The pursuit of human existence and the search for meaning in life, developed by Viktor Frankl based on his experiences in Nazi concentration camps during World War II.

Doing a deed

Finding meaning in life through work, achievements, and accomplishments, which varies from person to person and moment to moment.

Experiencing a value

Discovering meaning through experiences, such as loving another person, as observed by Frankl during his time in the concentration camp.

Suffering

The belief that there is purpose and meaning in each instance of suffering, and that finding that meaning requires an unconquerable will.

Tragic Triad

The three important aspects of logotherapy, including pain (turning suffering into achievement), guilt (using suffering as an opportunity for personal change), and death (a reminder of life's impermanence).

Animism

The belief that creatures, objects, and places possess spirits, still practiced by some indigenous people in the Philippines.

Indigenous people

The native inhabitants of a particular region or country, who in the context of the paragraph, practice animism and believe in the spirits inhabiting various natural elements.