Milady's Ch. 5 Infection Control

bloodborne pathogens

disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the body in the blood or body fluids

cilia

Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion

diplococci

spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause disease such as pneumonia.

disease

abnormal condition of all or part of the body, organ, or mind that makes it incapable of carrying on normal function.

disinfectable

an item that can be disinfected.

disinfectants

chemical agents that destroy most bacteria,fungi and viruses, but not spores, on surfaces.

disinfection

process used to destroy microorganisms; destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores

efficacy

(n) the power or capacity to produce the desired effect; effectiveness

exposure incident

Contact with non-intact skin, blood, body fluid or other potentially infectious materials that results from performance of an employees duties.

flagella

Long projections composed of microtubules; found on some cell surfaces; they help propel cells and organisms by a whiplike motion.

fungi

microscopic plant parasites, including molds, mildews, and yeasts

hepatitis

bloodborne virus that causes disease affecting the liver

HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus, can cause AIDS

immunity

ability of the body to destroy and resist infection

infection

invasion of body tissue by pathogenic bacteria

mildews

type of fungus that affects plants or other in animate objects, does not cause human infection

MSDS

Material Safety Data Sheet

nonpathogenic

not harmful

pathogenic

harmful

quats

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

phenolics

tuberculocidal disinfectant

sanitation

cleaning to remove all visible dirt or debris

spirilla

Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria, such as Treponema pallida, which causes syphilis, and Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease

staphylococci

pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like bunches of grapes, can cause abscesses, pustules and boils

streptococci

pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads; cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning

sterilization

complete destruction of all forms of microbial life

Universal Precautions

GUIDELINES BASED ON TREATING ALL HUMAN BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS AS POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS

virus

microorganism that can invade both plants and animals, including bacteria

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency, licenses different types of disinfectants

Laws

also called statutes, written by legislature, determine scope of practice

Rules

also called regulations, more specific than laws, determines how laws will be applied

motility

self movement

Active Stage

the stage when bacteria can grow and reproduce

Inactive or Spore Forming Stage

the stage when spores can be blown about by the wind and are not harmed by disinfectants, heat, or cold

Mitosis

the process by which cells reproduce

local infection

confined to a particular part of the body, ie. pimple

general infection

blood stream carries bacteria to all parts of the body, ie. syphilis

AIDS

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, caused by HIV, breaks down the body's immune system

allergy

reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances

antiseptics

agents formulated for use on skin

bacilli

-ROD SHAPED bacteria; -SPORE-FORMING; -some diseases caused by it are TETANUS and TB, typhiod fever, and diphtheria

bacteria

one-celled microorganisms, some of which are beneficial and some of which cause disease

bactericidal

capable of destroying bacteria

cocci

round-shaped bacteria that appear singly (alone) or in groups

contagious disease

a disease that is easily spread from one host to another

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