GNP IV 2023 MI Hemo IABP Cardiac Surgery

What are the non-modifiable risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?

Age, gender, ethnicity, family history, genetics.

What sustained event causes Myocardial Infarction (MI)?

Sustained ischemia greater than 20 minutes, leading to irreversible myocardial cell death.

What is the purpose of intraaortic balloon pump therapy?

To enhance the function of a compromised heart by reducing afterload and augmenting aortic diastolic pressure, increasing coronary artery perfusion.

Which EKG changes indicate ischemia?

ST depression.

What is the difference between STEMI and NSTEMI?

STEMI results from total occlusion of a coronary artery, while NSTEMI results from partial occlusion.

What complications can occur from Myocardial Infarction?

Dysrhythmias, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, papillary muscle rupture, ventricular aneurysm, Dressler syndrome.

What is the significance of the dicrotic notch in arterial waveforms?

It marks the closure of the aortic valve.

How is stroke volume defined?

The volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat.

What is the main indication for coronary revascularization surgery?

Failed medical management or presence of left main coronary artery or triple-vessel disease.

What are indications for using IABP therapy?

Refractory unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction with complications, and high-risk interventional cardiology procedures.

What are the contraindications for IABP therapy?

Irreversible brain damage, major coagulopathy, terminal diseases, abdominal aortic aneurysms, and significant aortic insufficiency.

What key assessments should be done for a patient with an intra-aortic balloon pump?

Assess peripheral pulses hourly, monitor vital signs, maintain immobilization of the cannulated leg, and ensure strict aseptic technique for dressing changes.