Introduction to Computer Systems

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions from the 'Introduction to Computer Systems' lecture notes to aid in exam preparation.

What is a computer?

A programmable electronic device that processes data based on a set of instructions given by the user or a program.

What is a computer system?

A collection of devices and programs that work together with the computer to process data.

What are the three stages of data processing in a computer system?

Input, Processing, Output.

What are the two main components needed for a computer to process data?

Hardware and software.

What is hardware?

All the parts of the computer system that you can see and feel.

What is software?

A set of instructions that a computer needs to carry out its tasks.

What is the role of the CPU (Central Processing Unit)?

It is considered the brain of the computer and performs all calculations and coordinates all activities.

What are input devices?

Devices used to get data and instructions into the computer for processing.

What is the purpose of output devices?

To convert information processed by the computer into a human-readable form.

What is the difference between primary and secondary storage?

Primary storage is volatile and used while running; secondary storage is non-volatile and used for long-term storage.

What does RAM stand for?

Random Access Memory.

What is ROM and why is it important?

Read-Only Memory; it stores data permanently or semi-permanently, retaining information even when the computer is turned off.

What are some examples of input devices?

Keyboard, mouse, barcode scanner, joystick.

What are the four categories of output presentation?

Text, graphics, audio, video.

What is a hard copy output device?

A device that prints output on paper, making it a tangible form of media.

What is a soft copy output device?

A device that displays output on a screen, which is not permanent.

What is the function of a scanner?

To read an image or text and turn it into a digital format.

What distinguishes magnetic storage from optical storage?

Magnetic storage uses magnetization patterns; optical storage uses lasers to read data from discs.

What is an example of a solid-state storage device?

USB flash drive or Secure Digital (SD) card.

What does the control unit of the CPU do?

Directs input to the appropriate part of the computer for processing.

What is the processing speed measured in?

Megahertz (MHz) or Gigahertz (GHz).

What examples are given for source data automation devices?

Scanner, barcode reader, digital camera, microphone.