11th grade history - Rise of Modern China and East Asia

Legacy of Mao: info impact

Policies stifled economic growth and eliminated incentive for higher production, family life to communes; took away peasent’s motivation

Mao’s programs

five year plan: industry +15%, slow agricultural growth

Great Leap Forward: disaster, famine industry down, Mao loses influence

Cultural revolution: red guards, labor camps chaos killings, rise of moderates

China relations with USSR and US

1960s China had split from USSR

China hostile to US because of support of Taiwan,

Zhou Enlai; opens up China

Beginning of moderate period

was 2nd in command during mao, more moderate/flexable, wanted to enter worldspace, tried to restrain cultural revolution

was concerned that China was playing almost no role in world affairs

invited American Table tennis team to tour China

Chinese-American relations

71 US endorses China to join the UN

China and UN

joined UN, Russia thrilled another large communist country joined

Table-Tennis diplomacy

To “break the ice” with the US Zhou starts table tennis match, Chinese students traveled to US

US endorses China to join the UN

Results of Nixon’s visit to China

new cultural exchanges(colleges)

limited trade agreements

1979 full diplomatic relations under jimmy carter

Deaths of Mao and Zhou

Deng Xiao Ping takes over, last “old revolutionary”

moderates jail leaders of cultural revolution

even more flexable especially with economy

criticised cultural revolution

Deng Xiaoping; economic reforms

Last old revolutionary, was more flexible than mao and zhou

Wanted capitalistic economy bc he saw the major countries succes from it, market economy

aimed to blend concepts of capitalism(economy) and communism(politics)

4 Modernizations

Agriculture: “de-collectivization” farmers could lease their land, pay for land w/quotas of crops then keep the rest

food production increased by 50 percent in 6 years

Industry: special economic zones= forgein investors had tax breaks and less government restrictions, also he set up a market economy(supply and demand dictate prices) not a command economy, permitted private buisnesses

Defense:

Science and technology: heavy focus on science and tech being taught in schools, began sending students abroad

Tiana man square massacre

Deng’s programs widened gap between rich and poor, students going abroad were introduced to western ideas

people protested because they believed officials prophited off of them

students protested for reform towards democracy

Govenrment used force and military weapons on students

Tank man, who was he what did he do how he was an image

Chinese citizen who stood in front of tanks rolling towards Tianaman square

Government had been killing their people a few days before and he is seen as a symbol of courage and bravery: bush commended him, people rioted in the Soviet union(believed if he could stand up to government they could too)

What started square protests

Deng’s programs widened gap between rich and poor, students going abroad were introduced to western ideas

people protested because they believed officials prophited off of them

students protested for reform towards democracy

1/10th of the population protested in over 400 cities

First wave of government force

martial law ordered 100k soldiers to square, people used “flood tactics” to physically stop them, gave soldiers food water and showed their children

Deng new orders for the square

Government afraid of the everyday workers because they could not control them

Deng orders to clear the square by dawn but with no bloodshed, soldiers open fire

Type of weaponry

military grade guns; bullets thumbsized and twisted on impact and caused maximum damage

next day after live fire

parents went to square looking for their children, soldiers open fired on those running away from them

Death discrepancies

Chinese Red Cross initial report=2600 but government took it down

another report claims 241 deaths and 7k injuredJiang fdd

Link between economic reform and introduction of new political ideas

3 BUTS with Deng: 1)Tiananmen square massacre 2) one child policy, forced abortions 3)crackdown in Tibet, independence movement prohibited monks killed

Deng dies

Jiang Zemin takes over, he had no military experience

Jiang Zemin, goals and results

pro capitalism, flexible, supported government put-down of pro-democracy protests, supported market economy

paid visit to US and protesters demanded he change policies

Hong Kong, history and transfer

British had a contract for 155 years of rulein Hong Kong, Hong Kong=major financiall center and contract ended in 1997,

In negotians of transfer back to China, China promised to preserve Hong Kong’s economics and politics for 50 years

China after 2000

US congress voted to normalize trade with China, China hosted 2008 Summer Olympics

Source of four Asian tiger nickname

South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan

achieved rapid economic growth GDP 6% per year from 60-95

Conditions after WW2 and Korean War, impact on borders and globalization

New world peace allowed economies and development to flourish: air travel, telecomunication booseted traid

Causes of extreme growth(building blocks)

countries took advantage of new opportunity for economic growth and development

5 factors of success

Capitalist development state: developed their own economics which allowed them to deny political opponents

Rapid Industrialization: each contry heavily invested into agricultural development

A Free Market Economy Led by Exports: free trade, exports expanded twice as fast as other countries

Educated and Hard-Working Labor force: Investment in education led to more people seeking higher education, population grew and so did labor force

Strong Centralized States: Each country had great state power with little dissent, limited economic controls

Expert arguments(Gulati vs others)

Gulati: believes geopolitical environment and correct framework is the key

Others: it is hard to apply broadly to all of the countries as the specific circumstances allowed them to develop in their own unique ways

Can uniqueness of each country provide insight for other developing nations?