music appreciation

Beat-

basic unit of time in a piece of music its the steady pulse that you feel, tap your foot to, or clap along with

Meter-

pattern of beats, how the beats are organized

Tempo-

rate at which the beats occur in a piece, refers to the speed of the beat, how fast or slow a music is played, also sets the mood and energy level of music

Polyrhythm-

occurs when two or more different rhythms are played at the same time, usually with contrasting beat groupings.

Pitch -

is the quality of a sound that is determined by the frequency of its vibrations.

Theme-

is a recognizable melody or musical phrase that is introduced, then repeated, developed, and varied throughout a composition.

Consonance-

is the quality of an interval or chord that sounds harmonious and resolved to the ear. It creates a feeling of rest or completion.

dissonance-

is a clashing or unresolved sound created when two or more notes are played together and cause tension or a sense of needing to resolve.

Monophonic-

with only one melodic line, regardless of how many people or instruments are performing it — as long as they’re all playing the same notes in unison or octaves.

Homophonic-

to a musical texture where there is one main melody supported by accompanying harmony.There’s a single clear melody that stands out,

Polyphonic-

refers to a musical texture where two or more independent melodies are played or sung simultaneously.

dynamics–

refer to the volume or loudness of music

crescendo-

music getting louder

decrescendo-

music getting softer/quite

timbre-

unique quality or color of a sound that makes it different from other sounds, even if they play the same pitch and volume.

Ordinary of the mass(5 sections)- kyria-l

lord have mercy,

gloria-

glory to God in the highest,

credo- ,

i believe

sanctus-

holy holy holy,

angus dei-

lamb of God

Gregorian chant-

plainchant or plainsong, which is a monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song of the Roman Catholic Church.

Organum-

is one of the earliest forms of polyphony (multiple independent melodic lines) in Western music, developed during the Medieval period (around 9th to 13th centuries).

Cantus firmus-

Latin for “fixed song”) is a pre-existing melody—usually a plainchant or Gregorian chant—that serves as the foundation for a polyphonic musical composition.

Word painting-(

also called text painting) is a musical technique where the music reflects the literal meaning of the lyrics.

Imitation-

is a compositional technique where a melodic idea (a short phrase) is repeated or echoed by different voices or instruments, usually entering one after another.

Melody-s

a sequence of musical notes arranged in a particular rhythmic pattern that is pleasing and recognizable — basically, it’s the main tune of a piece of music.

Harmony-

two or more different notes are played or sung at the same time to support or enhance a melody.

Chord-

three or more notes played together at the same time.

Aerophone-

type of musical instrument that produces sound by vibrating air—the musician blows air into or across the instrument to create the sound.

4 voice types-

soprano, alto,tenor, bass

Classification of instruments- aerophones-

produce sound by vibrating air,ex)flute trumpet,

chordophones-

produce by vibrating strings ex) violin,guitar,piano,harp lidophones

-own material vibrating ex)

xylophone, cymbals,marcas, triangle membranophones-vibrating a stretched membrane or skin ex) drums, tambourine

Liturgy -

set form of public worship or ritual performed by a religious group, especially in Christianity. It includes the order of prayers, readings, songs, and ceremonies in a service.

Idophone-s

a musical instrument that produces sound primarily by the vibration of its own solid material, without needing strings, membranes, or air columns.

Membranophone-

is a musical instrument that produces sound by the vibration of a stretched membrane or skin.

Renaissance mass-

is a musical setting of the Ordinary of the Mass (the five fixed parts: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei) composed during the Renaissance period (roughly 1400–1600).

Estampie-

a type of medieval dance music popular during the Middle Ages (roughly 13th–14th centuries).

Renaissance motel-

is a polyphonic choral composition set to a sacred Latin text (but not part of the Mass Ordinary).

Madrigal-

is a secular vocal music composition from the Renaissance (and early Baroque) period, typically written for several voices (usually 4–6), and set to a poetic text in the vernacular (like Italian or English).

Chordophone-

is a musical instrument that produces sound primarily by the vibration of stretched strings.

Strings-

vibrating strings- violin, violia, cello,harp

Brass-

buzzing the lips into a mouth piece-trumpet,french horn, trombone, tuba, cornet

Woodwings-

blowing air through a reed or across a mouth hole-Flute,clarinet,oboe,bassoon,saxophone,

Percussion-

striking, shaking, or scraping the instrument timpani,xylophone,glockenspiel, snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, tambourine, triangle,maracas

Western society refers to music of ___ and ___

europe,americas

List the four different families of orchestral instruments and give an example of each

strings, violin brass, trumpet, woodwinds, flute,percussion snare drum

Which instrument in the woodwind family does not produce sound with a reed-

flute

Which instrument in the woodwing family is not found in the orchestra-

saxophone

The percussion family up of ___ instruments and ___ instruments

pitched,unpitched

Is the harpsichord able to produce different dynamic levels yes or no-

no

When did the middle ages begin-

476 AD

Name two important composers of organum who were from the cathedral of notre

dame-leonin perotin

The renaissance period went from about to -

1400 to 1600

The word renaissance means in french-

rebirth

An intellectual movement during the renaissance which emphasized human and nature rather than otherworldly things is called-

Humanism

Most of the music of the renaissance was monophonic, polyphonic, homophonic-

polyphonic

Name on instrument which was used in instrumental music during the renaissance-

lute

The language of the roman catholic church during the medieval and renaissance period was-

latin

The fixed line of gregorin chant in a medieval motel is a called the-

cantus firmus

Who started the renaissance in 1517-

martin luther

What is the definition of syllabic and melismatic-

syllabic-each syllable of texts is matched to a single note melismatic-single syllable of text is sung over many notes

Another name for an opera with a serious subject is -

opera seria

The baroque period went from to-

1600 to 1750

A system where a noble person would hire a musician to work in their court was called the-

patronage system

The of is the barque practice of attempting to project states of feeling or ideas in music -

word painting

During the baroque period instrumental music was ___ typically in texture and vocal music was often in __ texture

polyphonic, homophonic

A work for vocal soloist and orchestra where the soloist rhythm was very free and the accompaniment was mostly chord is called-

recitative

The group of instruments which fill in the harmonic part of a baroque piece and usually considered of a keyboard instrumental and cello is called the-

basso continuo (or simply continuo)

The abrupt changes in the loudness of music that began to be used in the barque era were called-

terraced dynamic

A large scale composition for chorus, vocals soloist, and orchestra which was based on a religious text and was not intended for performance in a regular church services is called an-

oratorio

Name two very important german composers from the baroque era and-johann sebastian bach, georg philipp telemann

johann sebastian bach, georg philipp telemann

george frideric handles most famous oratorio which was over 2 hours in length and is divided into three sections about Christ's birth, his crucifixion, and his resurrection is called-messiah

messiah

Oratorios cantats and opera all consist of what types of music-

Oratorios cantats and opera all consist of what types of music vocal music accompanied by instruments

A hymn tune which was sung to a german religious text is called a-chorale

chorale

Name the baroque composer who was german had a long line of musicians in his family and was also known as a great organist-

johann sebastian bach

What is the difference between a cantata and an oratorio-cantata-

cantata-shorter vocal work (often for church) oratorio is a longer dramatic acred work for concert performance

A dream set to music with scenery and costumes in which lines of text are sung with orchestral accompaniment is called an-

opera

Most of the subjects in barque opera were derived from and-

greek mythology and ancient history

A male singer who had been castral before puberty in order to keep their voices in a higher range was known as a-

castrato

What city in italy was known was the center for opera during the baroque era-

venice

the script or text of an opera is called the-

libretto

True or false the composer of an opera very raley wrote his own libretto he usually hired someone else to do it-

true

One important composer of baroque opera who wrote in the first “grand” opera is named-

claudio monteverdi

A short persistently repeated melodic rhythmic or harmonic pattern is called an-

ostinato

Name two keyboard instruments that played a significant role in baroque instrumental music -

harpsichord, organ

A set of dance -inspired movement meant to be performed together is called a-

suite

Name the three types of sinatas during the baroque period-

sonata da chiesa (shurch Sontata) sonata de camera(chamber sonata) Sole sonata

A multi movement work contrasting a small instrument group against a larger group (an orchestra) is called a-

concerto grosso

The first and last movements in most concerto grossos are in-

fast tempo

Name the Italian barque composer who composed a set of concertos called the four season-

antonio vivald

A polyphonic composition in which the main theme (called the subject) is presented in imitation in several parts is called a -

fugue