Human nature

Plato’s view on rationalism

Plato’s rationalism centered on the pursuit of eternal truths through reason, the existence of forms, and the innate knowledge of the soul.

Rene Descartes

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Aristotle

The human condition

all experiences of humans positive or negative such as birth, growth, love, death, reproduction

criticisms of Plato

platos reasons for soul existing

main thoughts in humannature?

Darwinian revolution

proved that humans aren’t as special as we thought we were because we didn’t come straight from God’s hand we evolved from animals instead. This upset people as there is the implication that humans are no more than just animals

Freudian revolution

theory of forms

Plato believed the highest reality exists beyond the material world and could be perceived through our senses. He suggested the existence of forms (ideas) which are perfect, unchanging and eternal, they represent the true reality and everything in our world is an imperfect copy of these forms.

Plato’s chariot

allegory of the cave

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Plato

• essentialist view

• dualist

• A priori (knowledge not based on experience)

eudaimonia

the state of fulfillment

What are the 4 big ideas Plato had to achieve fulfillment

1. think more= don’t go along with popular opinions (popular opinions edge us to the wrong ideas and values) solution =know yourself. Examine your own ideas rather than acting on impulse so you don’t get pulled around by your feelings (is called a Socratic discussion)

2. let your lover change you ‘true love is admiration’ couples should educate each other so they become the best versions of themselves

3. decode the message of beauty= thought that beautiful things teach us things we need in live such as peace, harmony, modesty etc.

4. reform society= should get new role models not celebs cuz they aren’t good

   wanted to end democracy but only until people started to think rationally, politicians should become philosophers.