Bio lec 12

Recombinant DNA technology

A method that combines genes from different sources, allowing for the insertion of specific genes into bacteria to produce proteins.

DNA Fingerprinting

A technique used in forensics to compare DNA samples, based on the unique collection of DNA fragments generated when restriction enzymes cut DNA.

CRISPR-Cas9

A gene-editing tool that allows for the precise alteration of nucleotide sequences in DNA through a guide RNA and Cas9 protein.

Gel Electrophoresis

A method used to separate DNA fragments by size, based on their movement through a gel under electrical current.

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs)

Differences in the size of DNA fragments created by restriction enzymes, used to distinguish between individuals' DNA.

Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Analysis

A forensics technique that analyzes repetitive DNA sequences between genes; used to identify individuals based on unique patterns.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A technique used to amplify small DNA samples, allowing for the generation of sufficient copies for analysis.

Sticky Ends

Single-stranded pieces of DNA at the ends of a double-stranded molecule that can easily connect with complementary sticky ends.

Cas9 Protein

A bacterial protein in the CRISPR-Cas9 system that identifies and cuts specific DNA sequences.

Snow Trillium (Trillium nivale)

A rare plant in the lily family, native to the midwestern US, known for blooming in March and named for its association with snow.

Genetically Modified Food

Foods produced from crops that have undergone genetic engineering to exhibit desired traits like pest resistance or enhanced nutrition.

Transgenic Dog

A genetically modified dog created by inserting a gene from another species, like the 'Glowing Puppy' made in 2009.

Bacterial Plasmids

Small, circular pieces of DNA used as vectors to carry and introduce new genes into bacteria.

DNA Ligase

An enzyme that joins DNA fragments together, such as connecting sticky ends of DNA after a restriction enzyme cut.

Guiding RNA

A molecule used in the CRISPR-Cas9 system that directs the Cas9 protein to the specific DNA sequence for editing.

Amplification

The process of making many copies of a specific DNA sequence, often performed to generate enough material for analysis.