Psychology cognitive learning deck

Classical conditioning

Learning by association; a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response.

Unconditioned stimulus

A stimulus that creates a biological reaction, like food creates saliva production

Unconditioned response

A response that happens involuntary like saliva production when seeing food

Neutral stimulus

A stimulus with no direct involuntary response, like a bell

Conditioned stimulus

A neutral stimulus that creates a involuntary reaction, like a bell after being consistently presented with food.

Extinction in classical conditioning

When conditioned response dissapears because the conditioned stimulus is shown repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus

Operant conditioning

Learning through consequences (rewards or punishments).

Positive reinforcement

Giving a reward, like a sticker

Negative reinforcement

Remove something as a reward, like homework

Positive punishment

Giving a punishment, like detention

Negative punishment

Removing something as punishment, removing screentime

Skinner’s rats

Rats were taught behaviors by rewarding them with food when they accidentally did what the researchers wanted

Extinction in operant conditioning

If you stop reinforcing or punishing behavior the subject will stop modifying their behavior

Social Learning Theory

Learning through observing and imitating others when we witness vicarious reinforcement

Role model

A person that another imitates, an example being parents

Attention

When the subject is paying attention to the rolemodel, this often requires them to be similar, in race, gender, identity etc…

Retention

Behaviour should be easy enough to remember and be recalled to be reproduced later

Reproduction

The learner should be able to physically replicate the behaviour, and you should believe that you are able to reproduce the behaviour

Motivation 

Seeing vicarious reinforcement is a common motivation but the person should actually want to perform the behaviour

Bobo doll experiment

In the experiment, preschool children who watched an adult model act aggressively toward a Bobo doll were more likely to imitate that aggression later, whereas children in a control group who observed non-aggressive or no models did not.