World History

Topic 2

purgatory

A place of punishment where souls pay for past sins

indulgence

a release from all or part of punishment for sin by the catholic church reducing time in purgatory after death

thesis

a position or idea a person puts forward and is willing to prove through argument

recant

to withdraw a statement or position formally and publicly

humanism

an intellectual movement of the renaissance based on the study of the humanities which included grammar rhetoric poetry moral philosophy

heretic

a person who opposes or does not conform to established religious teachings

predestination

the blief that god has determined in advance who will be saved (the elect) and who will be condemned ( the reprobate )

popular sovereignty

the right to govern through the consent of the people

mercenary

a soldier who fights primarily for pay

republic

a form of government in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote

rhetoric

persuasive speech or writing

vernacular

the language of everyday speech in a particular region

fresco

painting done on fresh wet plaster with water based paints

linear perspective

artistic technique used to give the effect of three-dimensional to two-dimensional surfaces

altarpiece

an artwork that represents a represents a religious subjects and placed behind the altar of a christian church

christian humanism

a movement that developed in northern Europe during the renaissance combining classical learning and individualism with the goal of reforming the catholic church

predestination

the concept that god has already determined who is saved and who is condemned

salvation

the state of being saved (that is , going to heaven) through faith alone or through faith and good works

indulgence

a release from all or part of punishment for sin by the catholic church, reducing time in purgatory after death

Lutheranism

the religious doctrine that martin Luther developed; it differed from Catholicism in the doctrine of salvation, which Luther believed could be achieved by faith alone, not by good works; Lutheranism was the first protestant faith

justification

process of being justified, or deemed worthy of salvation, by god

annul

declare invalid

ghetto

formerly a district in a city in which Jewish people were required to live