Studied by 19 people
Marbury v. Madison Constitutional Principle
Judicial Review
What did Marbury request from the Supreme Court?
A writ of mandamus
McCulloch v. Maryland Constitutional Principle
Federalism, Elastic Clause, and Supremacy Clause
Why did Maryland tax the Bank of the United States in McCulloch v. Maryland?
Maryland believed the Bank of the US was unconstitutional
Why did McCulloch refuse to pay the tax imposed by Maryland?
McCulloch believed that states did not have the power to tax the Bank of the United States
What was the Supreme Court's ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland regarding the Bank of the United States?
the Bank of the United States was constitutional due to the Necessary and Proper Clause and that states lacked the power to tax a federal entity under the Supremacy Clause
United States v. Lopez Constitutional Principles
Federalism, Commerce Clause
What was the issue in United States v. Lopez?
Lopez brought a gun to school and was charged with a federal crime under the Gun-Free School Zones Act (interstate commerce clause).
What was the argument of Lopez's lawyers in United States v. Lopez?
The Gun-Free School Zones Act is not connected to the interstate commerce clause.
What was the Supreme Court's ruling in United States v. Lopez?
The commerce clause does not support the Gun-Free School Zones Act.
Engle v. Vitale Constitutional Principle
1st Amendment Establishment Clause
14th Amendment Due Process Clause (Selective-incorporation)
What was the issue in Engle v. Vitale?
The New York State Board of Regents authorized a short, voluntary prayer for recitation at the start of each school day, which was challenged for violating the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.
What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Engle v. Vitale?
School-established prayer violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.
Wisconsin v. Yoder Constitutional Principle
1st Amendment Free Exercise Clause
14th Amendment Due Process Clause (selective-incorporation)
What was the issue in Wisconsin v. Yoder?
Wisconsin attempted to force Amish children to attend school until age 16 and Amish people took children out of school after 8th grade
What was the outcome of the Wisconsin v. Yoder case?
Individual interest in protecting their religion through education outweighs the state's interest in keeping kids in school
New York Times v. United States Constitutional Principle
1st Amendment (Freedom of Press) Prior Restraint
New York Times v. United States Facts
Nixon sued the New York Times to prevent them from publishing the Pentagon Papers, citing national security concerns.
New York Times v. United States Holding
The Nixon Administration's vague national security claims were not sufficient to override the New York Times' First Amendment right to publish the Pentagon Papers.
Schenk v. United States Constitutional Principle
1st Amendment Free Speech
What did Schenk do in the case of Schenk v. United States?
He handed out papers that said the draft violated the 13th Amendment.
Why was Schenk arrested in the case of Schenk v. United States?
He was arrested for violating the Espionage Act.
Schenk v. United States Holding
The country's need for soldiers outweighed his 1st amendment right to free speech
1st Amendment Free Speech Exceptions
Clear and Present Danger, Obscenity, Time/Place/Manner, Defamation
Obscenity
Time/Place/Manner
Defamation
Tinker v. Des Moines Constitutional Principle
1st Amendment Free Speech
What was the issue in Tinker v. Des Moines?
Tinker wore an armband to protest the Vietnam War and was suspended
Tinker v. Des Moines Holding
Schools do not have the right to remove a student's free speech
Gideon v. Wainwright Constitutional Principle
6th Amendment right to counsel, 14th Amendment Due Process
14th Amendment due process
What was the issue in Gideon v. Wainwright?
Gideon requested a lawyer because he could not afford one. His request was denied because of a Florida law.
Gideon v. Wainwright Holding
Criminal defendants who cannot afford a lawyer have to have a state-appointed lawyer.
McDonald v. Chicago Constitutional Principle
2nd Amendment
14th Amendment Due Process
14th Amendment Due Process
What was the case of McDonald v. Chicago about?
Chicago citizens filed a suit against the Chicago ordinance that prohibited them from owning most handguns.
What was Chicago's argument in McDonald v. Chicago?
Chicago argued that the ordinance was constitutional because the 2nd Amendment did not apply to the states.
McDonald v. Chicago Holding
The 14th Amendment (due process clause) extends the 2nd Amendment to the states for self-defense.
Brown v. Board of Education Constitutional Principle
14th Amendment Equal Protection
Brown v. Board of Education Holding
Racial segregation of public schools allowed by "separate but equal" principle of Plessy v. Ferguson is unconstitutional
(lead to desegregation of schools)
Citizens United v. FEC Consitutional Principle
1st Amendment Free Speech
What did BCRA make illegal regarding corporations and electioneering?
Engaging in electioneering 60 days before an election or 30 days before a primary
What movie did Citizens United make that led to the challenge against FEC (BCRA)?
Hillary
What did the Supreme Court rule in Citizens United v. FEC regarding political spending by corporations?
Protected as free speech under the 1st Amendment
What did Citziens United v. FEC create?
Super PACs
Baker v. Carr Constitutional Principle
14th Amendment Equal Protection
Baker v. Carr Facts
Tenessee had not redrawn its districts, so rural voters had more voting power than urban voters
Baker v. Carr Holding
Established "one person, one vote" and opens door to courts to review redistricting challenges
Shaw v. Reno Constituitonal Principle
14th Amednment Equal Protection
Shaw v. Reno Facts
North Carolina created an oddly shaped district to create a district with a majority of Black voters
Shaw v. Reno Holding
racial gerrymandering is unconstitutional
Note
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