Basic Chemistry Flashcards (Video Notes)

These vocabulary flashcards cover key concepts from the notes: subatomic particles, atomic structure, ions, basic nomenclature for ionic and molecular compounds, common ions, and element symbols. They align with Page 1-4 content including definitions, examples, and common formulas.

Proton

A positively charged subatomic particle located in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron

An electrically neutral subatomic particle located in the nucleus.

Electron

A negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus.

Atom

The basic unit of matter, composed of a nucleus (protons and neutrons) and electrons.

Nucleus

The center of an atom containing protons and neutrons and carrying most of the atom’s mass.

Subatomic particle

A particle smaller than an atom, such as protons, neutrons, or electrons.

Atomic number

The number of protons in the nucleus; identifies the element.

Mass number

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and therefore different mass numbers.

Ion

A charged atom formed by gaining or losing electrons.

Cation

An ion with a positive charge (loss of electrons).

Anion

An ion with a negative charge (gain of electrons).

Neutral atom

An atom with equal numbers of protons and electrons (no net charge).

Symbol

The chemical symbol for an element (e.g., H, He, Na).

Sodium chloride

NaCl (table salt).

Calcium bromide

CaBr2.

Iron(III) oxide

Fe2O3.

Potassium nitrate

KNO3.

Copper(II) sulfate

CuSO4.

Carbon dioxide

CO2.

Dinitrogen tetroxide

N2O4.

Phosphorus pentoxide

P2O5.

Sulfur trioxide

SO3.

Nitric oxide

NO.

Hydrogen carbonate

HCO3- (bicarbonate).

Sulfite

SO3 2-.

Nitrate

NO3-.

Sulfate

SO4 2-.

Ammonium

NH4+.

Carbonate

CO3 2-.

Acetate

CH3COO-.

Chlorate

ClO3-.

Chlorite

ClO2-.

Hypochlorite

ClO-.

Perchlorate

ClO4-.

Permanganate

MnO4-.

Diatomic chlorine

Cl2 (chlorine molecule).

Atomic symbol memorization

One- or two-letter abbreviations used for elements (e.g., H, He, Na).

Element symbol examples (Hydrogen)

H.

Element symbol examples (Helium)

He.

Element symbol examples (Potassium)

K.

Element symbol examples (Calcium)

Ca.

Element symbol examples (Iron)

Fe.

Element symbol examples (Silver)

Ag.

Element symbol examples (Copper)

Cu.

Element symbol examples (Gold)

Au.

Molar mass concept

Mass of a given amount of a substance, often shown on the periodic table as an average atomic mass.

Period and group (basic idea)

Organization of the periodic table based on properties and electron configuration.

Ion charges (common examples)

NH4+ (ammonium), CO3 2- (carbonate), NO3- (nitrate), SO4 2- (sulfate).

Cation examples

Positive ions such as NH4+, Na+, K+. (loss of electrons)