Brain Structure and Function

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which of the following are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

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Central and Peripheral

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What is the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

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process and interpret sensory information

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27 Terms

1
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which of the following are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

Central and Peripheral

2
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What is the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

process and interpret sensory information

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Which structure is part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Cranial Nerves

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What type of neuron carries signals from sensory receptors to the CNS?

sensory neuron

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which neurons are responsible for connecting sensory and motor neurons?

interneurons

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what is the main function of motor neurons?

Transmits signals to muscles

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which of the following is a general sense?

Touch

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which sense is not considered a special sense?

touch

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how do reflexes differ from voluntary movements?

reflexes do not involve the brain

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what is the function of the cerebellum?

controls voluntary movements and thought

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what brain structure relays sensory information to the cerebrum?

thalamus

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which brain structure regulates homeostasis and endocrine functions?

hypothalamus

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the cerebellum is primarily responsible for

coordinating movement and balance

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what is the primary function of the brainstem?

regulate involuntary functions like breathing

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what is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

neuron

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which part of the neuron receives incoming signals?

dendrites

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what part of the neuron transmits signals away from the cell body?

axon

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what substance speeds up electrical impulses along an axon?

myelin sheath

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what distinguishes gray matter from white matter?

white matter has myelinated axons

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where is gray matter typically found?

surrounding white matter in the brain

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what is the first step in generating an action potential?

neuron reaches the threshold potential

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During depolarization, what happens to sodium (Na+) channels?

They open allowing Na+ in

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what must be reached for action potential to occur?

threshold potential

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where does synaptic transmission occur?

at synapse

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what is released from the axon terminal to transmit a signal?

neurotransmitters

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what structure receives neurotransmitters on the postsynaptic neuron?

dendrites

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what happens to neurotransmitters after they bind to receptors ?

they are broken down or reabsorbed