Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Era

Vocabulary terms and key concepts related to Theodore Roosevelt's presidency, including progressive reforms, environmental policies, and early civil rights movements.

Theodore Roosevelt

The youngest president at $42$ years old who believed the government should assume control when states proved incapable.

The term used to describe the various progressive reforms sponsored by the Roosevelt administration.

Square Deal

Actions supported by Roosevelt to break up or regulate large business monopolies.

Trustbusting

A strike involving $140,000$ miners demanding shorter hours, a $20\%$ raise, and the right to organize, which Roosevelt helped settle by threatening to take over the mines.

1902 Coal Strike

An $1887$ act that prohibited wealthy railroad owners from working together secretly to fix high prices by dividing business.

Interstate Commerce Act

A law that made it illegal for railroad officials to give rebates, for shippers to receive rebates, and for railroads to change set rates without public notification.

Elkins Act

Legislation pushing for stricter cleanliness requirements for meatpackers, though it left the government paying for inspections and did not require date labels on cans.

Meat Inspection Act

An act that halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling.

Pure Food and Drug Act

The head of the U.S. Forest Service who advised Roosevelt to conserve forest and grazing lands.

Gifford Pinchot

A conservationist who advocated for the complete preservation of wilderness, differing from Roosevelt and Pinchot's views.

Muir

The policy favored by Roosevelt where some land is preserved as wilderness while other land is developed for the common good.

Conservation

An act where money from the sale of public lands in the West funded large-scale irrigation projects.

National Reclamation Act of 1902 (Newlands Act)

An African American leader respected by whites and invited to the White House by Roosevelt, but criticized by other Black leaders for accommodating segregationists.

Washington

A book written by Du Bois criticizing the ideas of Booker T. Washington.

The Souls of Black Folk

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, formed by Du Bois and others to aim for equality among all races.

NAACP

strictly limited distribution of free railroad passes

Hepburn act of 1906