Cognition Exam 2 glass

D107. What Causes long-term improvisational learning?

Distributed repetition of an action sequence

A Terrifying experience

Verbal rehearsal of a verbal sequence

Alcohol

Serial repitition

A terrifying experience

D108. Students studied a set of magazine ads containing models and were tested on either the same ads or other magazine ads containing the same models. They had to report whether the model appeared in the study set. Half of the models were well known and half had not appeared in print before. Which test condition or conditions produced the poorest recognition?

Both new and repeated pictures of the unfamiliar models

The new ads of both familiar and unfamiliar models

The new ads of unfamiliar models

Recognition performance was less than 90% in all conditions

Recognition performance was perfect or almost perfect in all c

The new ads of unfamiliar models

D109'. Early in the history of experimental psychology it was found that merely hearing something repeatedly was insufficient to learn it. Though a psychologist read the same passage to his young son every day, the son was not able to repeat it accurately. It is the habit system that makes possible the learning of a sequence, has of phone numbers, passwords, etc. The best way to learn a password is

repeat the entire sequence in reverse order as soon as you hear it

count to seven after you hear it and then repeat it

repeat the entire sequence as soon as you hear it

have someone say it to you one character at a time and repeat each character as it is heard

have someone say it to you one character at a time and visualize each character as it is heard

Repeat the entire sequence as soon as you hear it

D110'. Sequence learning is difficult. When a sequence has more than nine items, thus exceeding the immediate memory span of most individuals, an error on the first repetition attempt is likely. Suppose that you read through your 16-digit credit card number once in preparation for typing it into a website. The digits in which positions are you must likely to get wrong?

Second

4th through 12th

Fourteenth or Fifteenth

First

4th through 12th

D111'. When the presentation rate of text is increased past normal speaking rate and even normal reading rate, comprehension remains good. However, there is an effect on learning. In an immediate recall task there is a decline in

Recency

Primacy and Recency

Primacy

Central Portion and Recency

Central Portion

Primacy

The last few are recalled better than the first couple, thus primacy has a decline vs recency

D112. As the result of the Von Restorff Effect, which name on the list Jami, Kerri, Loni, Meg, Randi, Tami, Toni, would be most memorable

Kerri

Randi, Tami, and Toni, equally

Jami

Toni

Meg

Meg

D113'. There have always been books with tips on how to remember things, written by individuals from a variety of backgrounds. One was co-written by Jerry Lucas, an all-star professional basketball player and notable mnemonist. One way to remember pairs of words is to create linking sentences for them. Who should you consult for the best linking sentences?

an English major

no one

any fellow student

the wittiest person you know

a psychology major

no one

D114. Which list is easiest to learn?

hammer, wrench, pliers, pencil, pen, paper, fork, spoon, knife

since all the lists contain the same words they would be equally easy to learn

hammer, pencil, fork, wrench, pen, spoon, pliers, paper, knife

fork, hammer, knife, paper, pen, pencil, pliers, spoon, wrench

pen, fork, knife, paper, spoon, hammer, pencil, pliers, wrench

hammer, wrench, pliers, pencil, pen, paper, fork, spoon, knife

D115'. Movie titles may be copyrighted, so that no one else can use the same title without permission. The movie "Lee Daniels' The Butler," was given this odd title to avoid infringing on the copyright of a 90 year old silent film called "The Butler." One characteristic that makes a title useful, hence valuable, is that it is easy to remember. Which movie title would be most memorable?

Evil Speed

Glizzle

Jersey Drive

193MJW

Correct! Car-Jacking in Newark

Car-jacking in newark

D116'. Psychologists were studying verbal learning for 60 years before they appreciated how important the characteristics of the words and the strategies of the students were in determining how much was remembered. Below are three items from a 15-item word list containing similar items. Which list will be best recalled?

All lists were be learned equally well.

Correct! cat, gem, saw, ... when using visual imagery to learn the list

vague, well, odd, ... when using verbal rehearsal to learn the list

cat, gem, saw, ... when using verbal rehearsal to learn the list

vague, well, odd, ... when using visual imagery to learn the list

cat, gem, saw, ... when using visual imagery to learn the list

D117'. Both high imagery words and nameable pictures are easy to remember, especially if the most appropriate study strategy is used. What is true about learning high imagery words and nameable pictures?

an imagery task results in better memory for pictures than naming them

Naming words results in better memory for them than mentally imaging their referents

Correct! imaging their referents results in better memory for words than naming them

pictures of objects and the words that name them are always remembered equally well

words with imageable referents are always remembered better than pictures

Imaging their referents results in better memory for words than naming them

D118'. Some mnemonists are only good at remembering a specific kind of study material while the skills of other mnemonists are more general. A mnemonist's ability is based on part upon

Correct! a highly practiced mnemonic

autistic obsession with repetition

hyper-emotionality

compensation for a deficit in some other cognitive ability

an enlarged hippocampus

Highly practiced mnemonic

Q73. Which word is not processed by the letter-to-sound pathway?

brush

bush

blush

hush

crush

bush

Q74. Which spelling error is least likely to be detected?

Farn

Siller

Firn

Saller

Selter

Firn

Q77. Priming may occur between

any two words that are spoken in the same context

any two words that are spoken in the same voice

any two words that occur close together in time

two words with the same initial consonant cluster or similar meanings that occur in the same context

two words similar in meaning or that share the same initial consonant cluster that occur close together in time

two words similar in meaning or that share the same initial consonant cluster that occur close together in time

Q78. The reason that the same set of ambiguous strokes is read "B" in one context and "13" in another context without awareness of the ambiguity is

The structural description of the stroke pattern is different each time it is encountered

It is not possible to perceive both interpretations of an ambiguous visual pattern

Making an interpretation in one context makes it difficult to make the same interpretation in another context

The context primes only one structural description

letters are more salient for some people and numbers are more salient for other people

the context primes only one structural description

D47. A crayon is most likely to be seen out of the corner of the eye if it is

moved up and down

Black

White

Red

Very thin

Moved up and down

D48. Pop out is most likely to occur for...

A V among W's

A C among G's

An r among n's

An N among M's

A 7 among 1's

a 7 among 1's

D49. When the visual pathway leaves the retina, it splits into how many sub-pathways?

Four

Three

One

Five

Two

Three

D50. Visual processing areas include

LGN of thalamus and Primary visual processing area of occipital cortex

D51. Which features are analyzed first in the primary visual cortex?

Orientation, Color, Motion, and binocular disparities are all analyzed in parallel

D52. Which arrangement produces the best depth perception?

Two Close-set eyes

QQ1. When my dog comes across a strange cat, he chases it, but when his house mate walks by, he does not stir. This is an example of what kind of learning

Declarative

QQ2. Perceptual information is processed in the

Temporal cortex

QQ3. The planning of actions is performed by the _____ lobe.

Frontal

QQ4. The neocortex is organized into hemispheres so that

Language production localized in the left hemisphere

Q47. The distance from the fixation point at which it is possible to see shapes, colors, and moving objects differs for each of these features because

There are different density distributions of rods and cones across the retina

Q48. Pop out is most likely to occur for

A character with an additional feature among simpler characters

Q49. When the visual pathway leaves the retina, it initially splits into how many sub-pathways?

Three

Q50. Visual processing extend from the...

Pulvinar nucleus and LGN in the thalamus to the parietal and temporal cortex

Q51. Which feature is analysed first by the visual system?

Binocular disparities, Orientation Color, motion all analyzed in parallel

Q52. The advantage of binocular vision that a pair of close set eyes confers is

better depth perception, which breaks camouflage

Q53. Because their parietal visual system, hence their motor-eye coordination, is preserved, a person with damage only to the temporal system may still be able to

All of the above

Walk without bumping into something

hit a bullseye with a bullet

hit a nail with a hammer

copy something he does not recognize

Q54. A patient who cannot recognize his/her own face in the mirror is suffering from

Bilateral damage to the occipital cortex or temporal cortex

Q55. The identification of a target object in a briefly presented scene is most accurate

when it is in its usual context

Q56. When a pair of faces differ in the relative spatial locations of their parts, the perceived similarity of a pair of faces is greater when the targets are presented

in different orientations

Q79. Human adaptations for language are

Location of voice box and shape of tongue

D53. How would individuals with prosopagnosia do at learning archery?

They should do fine

Good prognosis

QQ7. When my dog comes across a strange cat, he chases it, but when his house mate walks by, he does not stir. This is an example of what kind of learning

Declarative

Q80. Animals that have a specialized area in the left hemisphere controlling vocalization include

Some songbirds

D54. A patient who cannot recognize his/her own face in the mirror is suffering from damage to...

none of the above

The eyefield of the frontal cortex

The superior Colliculus

The parietal cortex

none of the above

All of the above

QQ8. An example of declarative knowledge is

knowing your name

Q81. The phonemic restoration effect occurs when the missing phoneme is

All of the above

part of a word

meaningful utterance

replaced with a noice

D55. Compared with presentation in its usual context, a target object in a briefly presented picture will be identified more accurately...

None of the above

unusual context

Unusual position in a usual context

unusual position in an unusual context

presented in a blank field

QQ9. Which may be a voluntary action?

Spitting

Q82. When a speech segment matches more than one syllable representation, one is selected if

All of the above

it can be combined with prior and subsequent representations matching other segments to form a word

it forms part of a word that can be combined with prior and subsequent words to form a grammatical sequence

it forms part of a grammatical sequence that can be combined with prior sequences to forma meaningful phrase

it forms part of a meaningful phrase that can be combined with subsequent phrases to form a meaningful utterance.

All of the above

D56. When an inverted face is seen...

The spatial features that depend on orientation are not processed; hence it appears similar to other inverted faces that differ on those features

Q83. Because of the hold, they later went for two, is difficult to understand because it

lacks context

Q84. In aphasia, two language functions that are always impaired are

spoken and written sentence comprehension

Q85. In the mobile recognition paradigm the infant is connected to the mobile during

Training

Q86. One factor that influences retention of the memory of a mobile or train that an infant has learned to move is

The age of the infant

Q87. After two days of training a 3-month-old infant trained to kick to move the training mobile will

Kick to only the training mobile baby

Q88. In which condition is the 3-month-old infant most likely to kick to a mobile during test

Training with mobile A on days 1 and 3 and testing with mobile on day 9

Q89. When a more memorable event immediately occurs after a less memorable event

The infant associates them and remembers the otherwise less memorable event longer