Mood Disorders 4/12/24

Mood episodes

Persistent mood that can cause significant distress or impair functioning

Creation of the first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

APA, 1952

Major Depressive Episode (MDE). Symptoms may be change in sleep, restless/agitated, exceptionally tired, etc.

Feeling depressed or down with diminished interest or pleasure in almost all activities (ANHEDONIA)

Manic or Hypomanic Episode

Distinct period of unusually strong and persistent euphoric or irritable mood episodes

Mania must last a -, and hypomania must last -days or longer for hospitalization

week, 4

Inflated self-esteem, increased goal-directed activity or agitation, and the reduced need for sleep are all symptoms of

Mania/Hypomania

Unipolar

Characterized by one mood

Major depressive disorder

One or more major depressive episodes, but no history or manic episodes

Persistent depressive disorder

Feeling depressed more often than not for at least two years

Poor appetite/overeating, sleeping too little or too much, and low energy/fatigue are all -

Symptoms of persistent depressive disorder

Bipolar

Characterized by two major emotional states

Bipolar I Disorder

A single or recurrent manic episode

Bipolar II DIsorder

A single or recurrent hypomanic episode, and depressive episodes

Cyclothymic Disorder

Alternaing periods of hypomania and depressing lasting for at least 2 years

Psychotic features

When episodes are accompanied by delusions or hallucinations

Seasonal pattern

A mood episode occurs at the same time of year for two consecutive years

Peripartum onset

Occurs during pregnancy or within four weeks of birth of a child

Gender, socioeconomic status, genetic factors, stressful life events, early adversity, and attributional style are all contributors to

Persistent Depressive Disiorder

Genetics, differences in brain function, severe stressors, positive life events, and circadian vulnerability are all contributors to

Bipolar Disorder

Electroconvulsive therapy

Brain is stimulated with electrical current while person is relaxed with medication

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Strong magnet is pulsed near certain parts of the skull