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The structural units of the nervous system are __________.
Neurons
The __________ is the biosynthetic centre of the neuron, where proteins, membranes, and chemicals are synthesized.
Cell body (perikaryon or soma)
In the CNS, clusters of neuron cell bodies are known as __________.
Nuclei
In the PNS, clusters of neuron cell bodies are referred to as __________.
Ganglia
Bundles of neuron processes in the CNS are called __________.
Tracts
Bundles of neuron processes in the PNS are called __________.
Nerves
Dendrites convey incoming messages toward the cell body as ___________ potentials.
Graded
The axon is the conducting region of the neuron that can generate nerve impulses called ____________ potentials.
Action
When axon terminals receive an action potential, they release ____________ that either excite or inhibit other neurons or effector cells.
Neurotransmitters
Anterograde movement refers to the transport of materials __________ the cell body.
Away from
Retrograde movement refers to the transport of materials __________ the cell body.
Towards
Multipolar neurons have __________ or more processes.
Three
Bipolar neurons have __________ axon and __________ dendrite.
One; one
Unipolar neurons have a single __________-shaped process.
T
__________ neurons, or afferent neurons, conduct impulses toward the CNS from receptors.
Sensory
__________ neurons, or efferent neurons, conduct impulses from the CNS to effectors.
Motor
__________ conduct impulses between sensory and motor neurons, and are also called association neurons.
Interneurons
A __________ is a specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses.
Neuron
The __________ receives signals from other neurons and conducts them toward the cell body.
Dendrite
The __________ transmits impulses away from the cell body to other neurons or muscles.
Axon
The __________ is the protective covering of the axon that facilitates faster impulse conduction.
Myelin sheath
A __________ is a collection of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Nerve
A __________ is a collection of nerve fibers in the central nervous system (CNS).
Tract
A __________ is a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS.
Nucleus
A __________ is a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS.
Ganglion
Neurons can be classified by structure into __________, __________, and __________ types.
Multipolar; bipolar; unipolar
Functionally, neurons are classified as __________, __________, and __________ neurons based on their role in the nervous system.
Sensory; motor; interneurons
