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Subject matter
The āwhatā of photography, placed into three groups (still life, landscape and portrait)
Landscape photography
Focuses on a place and what makes it unique (natural, artificial, outdoors/indoors, day/night)
Portrait photography
Photographing a person with the intent of capturing things such as facial expression/features, personality, etc.
Still life photography
Everyday objects photographed in a way that makes them more interesting or engaging
Composition
The way various components within a photograph are arranged, āhowā we photograph the subject matter
Rule of thirds
Divide your frame into thirds both horizontally and vertically, placing the subject matter on the points where the lines intersect
Frame within a frame
Focuses on using natural borders within the image to frame the subject matter
Cropping
Excluding a part of the subject matter from the overall photo to create a more visually interesting photo
Art elements
Line, shape, colour, tone, texture, form, time
Art principles
Balance, unity, contrast, rhythm, emphasis/focal point, scale, space, variety, proportion, movement, repetition
Depth of field (aperture and f-stops)
refers to how much of an image is in focus, controlling depth of field by adjusting the aperture on your camera lens (shallow depth of field achieved with a low f-stop number 1.4-5.6)
Aperture
refers to the hole inside a lens that allows light in (a photographer the amount of light let in via adjusting the f-stops along with the shutter speed)
F-stops
The name for the different sized aperture holes (works similar to human pupil - bright sunshine our pupils are small (F.22), dark lighting our pupils are large (F 2.8)) The larger the F-stop, the larger the depth of field, smaller the F-stops, the shallower the depth of field).
Smaller apertures (F.22 and F.16)
Large depth of field, meaning the vast majority of the image will be in sharp focus
Larger apertures (F2.8)
Small or shallow depth of field, meaning only part of that picture that is being focused on will be in sharp focus
Shutter speed
Is all about timing, we use this dial as well as the aperture ring to control the amount of lighting entering the camera. It affects the sharpness of moving objects in a picture. This dial affects how āquickā the little shutter curtains open and close to let light onto the film or digital sensor.
A fast shutter speed (1/125 and above) canā¦
freeze movement
A slow shutter speed (1/30 and below) canā¦
blur moving objects
When shooting anything below 1/60 of a second you may need toā¦
use a tripod or steady surface to avoid camera shake
panning
moving the camera during exposure to follow a moving object, adding movement to the background of a picture
Types of lighting
natural light, artificial light
The ISO
of our camera indicates the sensitivity of our film or camera sensor. Like the shutter, ISO is measured in speeds, with a fast ISO being 800 or higher and a slower one being around 200
A faster ISO
is more sensitive and allows us to shoot in lower light settings however can make the image grainy
A slower ISO
is less sensitive and can make an image appear smooth
Overexposing (+) will
lighten a photo
Underexposing (-) will
darken a photo
layers
ā¦ are stacked on top of each other, with alterations or editing affecting each layer below
layer masks
ā¦ allow us to make adjustments to certain parts of an image without affecting the rest
brush tools
ā¦ are used for painting in layer masks (can be adjusted in size, softness or hardness)
sharpening
digital images appear with a built-in fuzziness, and this tool is used to fix this
curves
Are similar to layers in that they adjust highlights, shadows, and midtones, however can also be used to make adjustments to the colours in our image. The lines on this graph can either be moved up or down to achieve these results.
levels
this layer is a lot like the exposure slider in Camera Raw, as it allows us to make adjustments to our shadows, highlights, and middle grey by moving the 3 toned markers along the scale.
photoshop
is the main tool for editing digital photos