Chapter 18: Dental Laboratory Materials Part II

plasticizer

changes hard, brittle resin into a flexible, tough material

composite

polymer matrix bonded to glass particles; used for dental restorations

self-curing resins

autopolymerization materials that perform the hunting process by means of a chemical union

heat-cured resins

acrylic materials are united but need outside heat to set up

alloy

a combination of two or more metals

binary

combinations of 2 metals

ternary

three metals

quaternary

four metals

quinary

5 different metals make up a _______________

tempered

another word for hardened

annealed

softened

75% gold

resists tarnish/corrosion, nontoxic, hypoallergenic, docile, malleable, low melting point, and burnishes

10% silver

lessens the red cast from copper and gold, increases ductility and malleability; gives length to the alloy

10% copper

hardens in heat and high temperature; adds flowability

35% palladium

increases hardness, whitens gold, and prevents tarnish and corrosion

25% zinc

prevents porosity of surface areas, and provides smoothness

slurry

thin, watery mixture

polycarboxylate

permanent cementation for crowns, inlays, onlays, and bridges

bonding

force of the union of one substance with another substance

coefficient of thermal expansion

amount of form change that takes place in a dental material and tooth during heat exposure in the oral cavity

hue, chroma, value

What are the three components of colors?

hue

color of object- red, green blue, and so on.

chroma

strength of specified hue

value

darkness or brightness of specified hue

creep

tendency of amalgam to deform under constant applied pressure

cure process

hardening of the material though auto-activated (chemical) or light-activated response

elastically

ability of the material to return to its original when stress is removed

ductility

ability of the material to withstand permanent deformation without fracturing under elongation stress

exothermic

chemical release of what, as in zinc phosphate cement

flow

slow bending or movement of material under its own weight

galvanization

tendency of certain metals to produce an electrical charge when in contact with each other

hardness

maximum amount of resistance before penetration or scratching can occur

hydrophyllic

absorption of water

hydrophobia

giving off or shedding of water

hygroscopic expansion

submersion into, or the addition of water to a material prior to initial set

initial set

period of time when material assumes shape but remains pliable

inbibition

taking on of water

malleability

ability to withstand deformation without fracture while undergoing maximum compression stress

setting time

amount of time required for the material to become as hard as it will be

tensile strength

maximum amount of pulling stress required to rupture the material

thermal conductivity

capability of the material to transmit heat

toughness

ability of the material to resist fracture

trituration

mixing of mercury with other alloy material to form an amalgam

working time

period during which a material can be molded, shaped, or manipulated without any adverse effect upon the material

yield strength

maximum amount of stress a material can withstand without deformation