CSD 315 Quiz 5 (Homework)

Intelligence plays an important role in articulation skills in what population:

Individuals with severe cognitive impairments

t/f: Children with missing teeth will always have a lisp. 

false

Phonological deficits often co-occur with deficits in what area of language:

Morphosyntax

t/f: Research does not support a connection between otitis media and speech sound disorders.

false

t/f: Tongue thrust only has to do with swallowing. 

false

An enlarged tongue is called:

Macroglossia

t/f: Significantly more males have a speech sound disorder compared to females. 

true

t/f: Personality may be linked to speech sound production (parents report). 

true

t/f: Removal of part or all of the hard palate would have a detrimental effect to speech production. 

true

The most common speech sound error seen in individuals with tongue thrust is:

Sibilant distortions

In order to appropriately assess speech perception abilities, clinicians should examine: The specific phonemes in error, the context in which they are produced, motoric abilities, and ___________.

Receptive Vocabulary

Personality may contribute to speech sound disorders (more research needed).  Specifically, parents of children with SSD have reported their child to be:

Overly sensitive

t/f: Historically, frenulum clipping was recommended for most individuals with ankyloglossia (regardless of severity). 

true

A combination of which two approaches is suggested for treatment of tongue thrust:

Articulation treatment and oral myofunctional therapy

In twin studies, which type of twins have more highly correlated articulation skills:

Monozygotic

Oral tactile sensitivity is typically most sensitive at the midline of anatomical structures.  

true

The number of speech sound errors in children has been shown to decrease from first through fourth grade due to:

Maturation

Ankyloglossia refers to:

A short frenum

The connection between speech sound disorders and stuttering may be:

Motoric

Hearing loss can affect speech sound production as well as:

Suprasegmentals

 A dental appliance that is often used to replace part of the hard palate is called an:

Obturator

A genetic disorder caused by an extra 21^st chromosome is called:

Down Syndrome

The most common type of speech sound disorder has:

No known origin (functional)

t/f: Children with speech sound disorder are more likely to have a co-occurring expressive, as opposed to receptive, language disorder.

true

t/f: Dysarthria is a neuromotor disorder that only affects the articulatory system. 

false

t/f: Newborn hearing screenings are universal in the United States.

false

t/f: Speech sound disorders typically occur in isolation of other disorders.

false

Name four genetic disorders reviewed in the book that are related to speech sound disorders. 

1. Down syndrome

2. Fragile X syndrome

3. Galactosemia

4. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

t/f: Cleft lip always results in a speech sound disorder. 

false

t/f: The tongue is an adaptable muscle that can compensate even when part of it is surgically removed.

true

__________ is an impairment in motor programming, specific to speech sound production.

Apraxia

t/f: Children with speech sound disorder are more likely to have a co-occurring expressive, as opposed to receptive, language disorder.    

true

Natural phonology contributed to the SLP field specifically by introducing the idea of:

Phonological processes or patterns

t/f: Fetuses can detect changes in sound while in utero. 

true

A model of speech acquisition that has roots in Pavlov and Skinner and utilizes operant conditioning is:

Behaviorist Model

t/f: Phonological awareness is a strong predictor for later reading success. 

true

t/f: At birth, children have all of the speech perception skills that they need. 

false

Common patterns of speech errors that are seen in normal, delayed, and disordered speech in which children systematically delete or substitute phonemes are called what?

phonological processes

t/f: Infants have been shown to be sensitive to changes in speech sounds by increasing their rate of sucking reflex when a sound changes. 

true

t/f: Large cross-sectional studies of speech sound development follow small groups of children over time. 

false

t/f: 5-years-old is the age at which it is expected that all children will have mastered the production of all vowels. (average age of mastery)

false

A popular index of speech production is calculated by dividing the number of consonants that the child produces and dividing it by the number of possible consonants. What is this index called?

Percent of Consonants Correct (PCC)

Of the following, children who say "pive" for "five" are most likely demonstrating

Stopping of fricatives

When one phoneme is said for another one, for example, if "book" is said as "pook" this would be an error of

Substitution

In voiceless sounds the vocal folds:

Do not vibrate

Phonological processes:

Are both a part of typical development and are patterns of speech sound substitutions or omission

t/f: One letter always corresponds to one phoneme.

false

Which of the following is a fricative?

/s/

How many phonemes (sounds) does the word "blues" have?

4

Which of the following is a term that refers to the manner of articulation?

nasals, fricatives and stops

What is the place of articulation for /p/ as in "pop"?

Bilabial

Bilabial phonemes involve constriction in the area of the

Lips

Which kinds of sounds develop first?

Vowels

How are vowels produced?

All of the above

What is the manner of articulation for /n/ (as in "nose")?

Nasal

A child who says "tat" instead of "cat," "dee" instead of "key," and "hud" instead of "hug" is exhibiting which phonological process?

Fronting