Foundations of Psych Quiz ❤️

Applied research

discover new more effective way to solve some specific problem

Applied psychology

solving practical problems

Basic research

Attempt to understand the fundamental principles that govern behaviour and mind

Clinical

applied psychology with a focus on mental health and wellbeing issues

Psychodynamic

• Treatment for mental illness

• Mental events occur unconsciously

• dreams, fantasies, subtle behaviours, free association

• Childhood is important

Psychodynamic criticisms

• No scientific grounding/ empirical evidence

• Violation of the falsifiability criterion

• Overreliance on retrospective accounts

Behaviourist

• Objects or events in the environment (stimuli) come to control behaviour through learning

• Relationship between external events and observable behaviours

Humanistic

• Maslow and Rogers

• Inherent good

• free will

• self-actualisation

• person centred

• self concept and ideal self

Cognitive

• Perceive, process and retrieve information

• Computer metaphor

• PET and CT scans

Biological/evolutionary

• Behavioural tendencies in humans evolved due to aiding our ancestors in survival and reproduction

• Adaption is relative to a specific environment

Social/cultural

culture shapes psychological perspective

Wilhelm Wundt

• founder of structuralism

• father of modern psychology

Structuralism

• laying out the fundamental pieces of the brain

• Wundt wanted to break down immediate conscious experience into its basic elements and understand how these elements combine to create experience

• Introspection

Functionalism

• first understand the function of a behaviour or mental process in order to understand how its parts work together

• Influenced by darwinism

John B Watson

B.F Skinner

Cognitive Revolution

Freud

Critical theory

Phonemes

smallest units of sound information (p, b, m, f, a)

morphemes

smallest units of meaning (words, suffixes, prefixes)

Language

System of symbols, sounds, meanings and rules in which combined constitutes primary mode of communication for humans

Syntax

rules that govern the placement of words and phrases within a language

Chomsky

Language is innate

Broca’s area

important for speech production and grammar

Broca’s aphasia (non fluent)

• difficult speech

• slight deficit with grammar

• comprehension may be relatively well preserved

Wernicke’s area

recognising speech sounds/words meanings

Wernicke’s aphasia (fluent)

• Normal speech rhythm

• incorrect use and or pronounciation of words

Algorithms

Systematic rules./procedure that very by context

Heuristics

a rule of thumb that provides a best guess solution indiciding trial and error or shortcuts

mental set

use the same strategies

Functions fixedness

inability to use an object in an unfamiliar way

Confirmation bias

search for confirmation on what they already believe and overlook conflicting information

System 1

Automatic

System 2

slow, thoutful, logical