Genetics Vocabulary

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Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes about genetics.

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11 Terms

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Gamete

An organism's reproductive cell (egg in female and sperm in males), which has half the number of chromosomes (23).

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Chromosome

A structure found in the nucleus which is made up of a long strand of DNA.

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Gene

A short section of DNA that codes for a protein, and therefore contribute to a characteristic.

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Alleles

The different forms of the gene - humans have two alleles for each gene as they inherit one from each parent.

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Dominant allele

Only one (out of the two alleles) is needed for it to be expressed and for the corresponding phenotype to be observed.

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Recessive allele

Two copies are needed for it to be expressed and for the corresponding the phenotype to be observed.

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Homozygous

When both inherited alleles are the same (i.e. two dominant alleles or two recessive alleles).

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Heterozygous

When one of the inherited alleles is dominant and the other is recessive.

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Genotype

The combination of alleles an individual has, e.g. Aa

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Phenotype

The physical characteristics that are observed in the individual, e.g. eye colour

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Zygote

The stage of development immediately after fertilisation - a diploid (2n) cell formed from the fusion of two haploid gametes