QAQC CAR REVIEWER

Quality Management

information concerning patient anatomy and physiology is gathered and displayed using modern technology.

purpose of quality management

minimize variables that results to repeat examinations

Quality Assurance

all encompassing management program used to ensure excellence in healthcare through the systematic collection and evaluation of data.

Save money

increased efficiency

increase quality of care

benefits of QM

Quality Control

QA program that deals with the techniques used in monitoring and maintenance of quality.

deals with instrumentation and equipment.

non invasive and noncomplex

simple evaluations done by any technologists.

non invasive and complex

performed by technologists trained in QC.

used in more sophisticated equipment.

Invasive and complex

involves disassembly of equipment.

performed by either the engineers and physicists.

problem identification analysis

tools used to continuously improve the customer satisfaction.

brainstorming

focus groups

quality improvement team

tools used to identify problems and analyze the data obtained:

flowchart

representation of the INDIVIDUAL STEPS required in a process.

Cause and effect chart

cause and effect of different variables/conditions on a key quality characteristics and thereby identify potential areas for improvement.

Histogram

data display tool which represents the frequent occurrence of a quantity in the center.

Pareto Chart

relative importance of the differences between groups of data.

identifying the main cause of the problem.

scatter plot

illustrates the relationship between two variables.t

Trend Chart

key indicators are moving up or down over a given period.

control chart

determined the upper and lower limits placed within a central line that represents the accepted norm.

for equipment variation and acceptance.

patient

image receptor

viewing conditions

geometric variables

motion

digital radiographic conditions

technique variable

interpreter

8 factors affecting image quality

responsibilities of the QAQC Committee

discuss and resolve issues

decides on corrective actions

keep records of minutes of meetings/decisions done

responsibilities of the QAQC Team

periodic film analysis and reports

establish/revise radiographic techniques

QC testing

records of maintenance and testing

seiri

seiton

seiso

seiketsu

shitsuke

5S towards TQM

seiri

tidiness

seiton

orderliness

seiso

cleanliness

Seiketsu

standardization

Shitsuke

Discipline

2.5mm aluminum equivalent

Total aluminum filtration

filtration

the most important part of patient protection of xray beam

collimation

limits the beam to the field size to avoid unnecessary anatomy radiation.

focal spot size

spatial resolution is principally determined by the _____.

exposure timer accuracy

responsible for patient dose and image optical density

exposure linearity

ability of radiographic unit to produce a constant radiation output for multiple combinations of mA and exposure time.

function of processing room

protect film from white light and ionizing radiation during handling and processing

light leaks

excess heat

humidity

static electricity

pressure

chemical fumes

cause of damages to the image recorded on FILMS.

40-60%

proper humidity level

18 to 24 celsius

temperature of processing room should be maintained at?

Fumes

from the processing chemicals are considered toxic, corrosive and carcinogenic.

hives

fatigue

impairment of the immune system

3 manifestations of darkroom diseases

passbox

storage space for films

40 seconds

a typical film should be able to maintain how many seconds without fogging

3-4 feet

safelight height from feed trays/loading counters

blue-violet sensitive films

kodak wratten 6b

kodak mor-lite

most common type of film

amber

safelight used for blue-violet sensitive films

orthochromatic films

films sensitive to green portion of the spectrum

pure red safelight

safelight used for orthochromatic films

grid

reduces the amount of scatter radiation reaching the film.

greatly improves the image quality.

dose and quality.

using a grid for exposure increases the ____ and _____.

grid cutoff

results in the wrong usage of grids.

grid

made up of large number of fine lead strips interspaced between radiolucent strips.

stationary grids

loose grid that can be placed directly over the face of the cassette

6:1 or 8:1

grid ratio

moving grid

grid used in a potter bucky system, which moves side ti side during xray exposure.

10:1 or 12:1 or 16:1

grid ratio for moving grids. (include ratio for high kV work.)

cross hatch pattern

two sets of lead superimposing andrunning at 90 deg. of each other.

used for stationary grids only.

parallel line grid

lead strips run parallel to one another in one direction ONLY.

focused parallel

lead strips that are uniform to one another thoughout.

focused parallel

lead strips are inclined more inward, focused to a pre determined point above the grid.

grid ratio

ratio of height of the strips to the distance between them.

grid line

number of lead strips in a grid

grid line direction

direction which the grid lines travel.

tube side

shown by a label stating an xray symbol.

determined also by the tube side.

Illimunance

amount of luminous flux incident per unit area.

amount of light that falls upon a given surface.

luminance

luminous intensity per unit of projected area of source

amount of area that is emitted or scattered from a particular source.

photometer

measuring instrument for luminous intensity of source by comparing with a standard source.

candela (cd)

unit of luminous intensity.

ambient light

general lighting present in the environment.

100 lux

recommended level of ambient lighting to minimize distractions and improve diagnostic accuracy.

0.25-0.5mm

lead equivalent of aprons.

2-3mm

lead equivalent of lead sheets.

Lead

readily absorbs radiation and is used in many forms and thickness in the field of radiation protection.

lead rubber apron

equipment used for radiation protection that has an advantage of being flexible and can be made to be worn and may deteriorate over time with regular use and mishandling.

radiolucent

positioning pads must be (radiolucent of radiopaque)

polythylene foam

common material for positioning pads.

Patient Measuring Calipers

allows easy and accurate measurement of a body part.

accurate calculation to thickness of the body part allows accurate radiographic exposure factors.

+-2mm

measurement variance for caliper accuracy.

transport system

responsible for transporting the film through various steps in processing.

controls the development and processing time.

plays a minor role in solution agitation.

roller subsystem

responsible for grabbing the film

provides squeegee action (prevents excessive solution carryover)

1 inch

diameter for transport and planetary rollers.

3 inch

diameter for master and solar rollers.

phenolic resin

soft thus must betaken care of while cleaning.

the best but most sensitive material for rollers.

entrance rack

vertical/deep rack

turnaround rack

crossover rack

4 transport rack subsystems

water controlled

thermostatically controlled

2 types of temperature control system

temperature control system

regulates the temperature of each solution

circulation system

ensures the chemical mixing

provides uniform temperature

3-5 gal/min

circulation system required value for movement.

replenishment system

responsible for replenishing solutions.

flood replenishment

also called as timed replenishment

solution is replenished regardless of the number of films processed.

volume replenishment

volume of chemicals are replenished each number of film processed.

750ml/hr

rate at which flood replenishment is done

4-5ml/hr

8-8 ml/hr

rate at which volume replenishment is done.

dry system

consumes about 60-80% of electrical power.

60-80%

electrical power supplied to the dry system.

processor quality control

most important part of diagnostic imaging department due to large number of variability that can occur with processing systems.

chemical activity

refers to how well the processing chemicals are functioning

0.3 deg. celsius

developer temperature specification

3 deg. celsius

fixer activity temperature

decrease image contrast and optical density

low developer pH will…

10 and 11.5

pH range for developer solution

4 and 4.5

pH range for fixer solution

1

specific gravity of water