Chapter 9 - Properties of Gases

Collisions

________ are elastic, meaning there is no net transfer of energy to the walls- average kinetic energy of all the balls is the same immediately after the collision as it was before.

Intermolecular forces

________ are negligible, assuming particles dont interact at all.

Barometer

________: instrument that is measured with a(n) ________.

Diffusion

________: spread of one substance through another- occurs when there are differences in composition of the mixture of gases within occupied space.

Manometer

________: measures pressure exerted by a gas, displayed by delta h= P sample- P atm.

homogenous mixtures

All gases are miscible with all other gases- ________.

Gas molecules

________ are constantly and randomly moving throughout its occupied space and continually collide with each other and the container walls.

Root mean square

________ speed: square root of the average of all squared speeds of all gas particles, equal to the speed of the average kinetic energy of all gas particles.

Kinetic molecular theory

________: behavior of gases is directly related to the basis of motion of the particles that make up the gas.

largest quantity of molecules

Most probable speed: peak in graph correlates to the speed of the ________.

all gases are miscible with all other gases

homogenous mixtures

gases effuse at rates

inversely proportional to the molar masses of gases; smallest molar masses effuse most rapidly

effusion

the process by which a gas escapes from its container through a tiny hole into a region with low pressure

grahams law of effusion

effusion rate of gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass and its density

kinetic molecular theory

behavior of gases is directly related to the basis of motion of the particles that make up the gas

collisions are elastic, meaning there is no net transfer of energy to the walls

average kinetic energy of all the balls is the same immediately after the collision as it was before

average kinetic energy of particles is proportional to absolute temperature of the gas

all populations of gas molecules at the same temperature have same average kinetic energy

most probable speed

peak in graph correlates to the speed of the largest quantity of molecules

average speed

arithmetic mean of all individual speeds, slightly higher than most probable speed

root-mean-square speed

square root of the average of all squared speeds of all gas particles, equal to the speed of the average kinetic energy of all gas particles

universal gas constant

R=8.314 (kg*m^2)/(s^2*mol*K)

mean free path

average distance a particle can travel through air or gas before colliding with another particle, depends on density and pressure

at 1 atm, mean free path

6.8*10^-8

Pressure

P=F/A where F is force and A is surface area

Barometer

instrument that is measured with a barometer