Infection Control and Precautions Review

Flashcards covering contact, droplet, and airborne precautions, including specific disease mnemonics (DORMS, Spiderman, AIR S MTV), treatment protocols, and vaccine criteria.

What is the definition of direct contact transmission mentioned in the notes?

Transmission occurs when a patient has an infection that can be spread via contact, touches a surface such as a table, and then another person touches that same table.

What Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is required for contact precautions?

Gown and gloves are required; goggles and a mask are added if the healthcare worker expects to encounter bodily fluids.

Which medical procedures are considered to be in contact with bodily fluids requiring additional PPE?

Tracheostomy (trach) or PEG tube procedures.

What does the mnemonic DORMS stand for in the context of contact infections?

Diahhrea (C. diff, Rota Virus, E'coli), Multi Resistant Drug Bacteria, Skin, and Respiratory (such as Adenovirus).

What is the recommended treatment for Bronchiolitis caused by RSV?

Supportive care including nebulizers and IV fluids, as the airway is usually not compromised.

What specific education should be provided to a caregiver regarding eye droplet administration for bacterial conjunctivitis?

Eye droplets should be administered to both eyes, as the infection spreads quickly from one eye to the other.

What is the treatment for Croup (laryngeal tracheitis) caused by Parainfluenza Virus?

Treatment includes systemic IM Steroids and an inhaled vasoconstrictor such as epinephrine.

What does MARSA stand for according to the lecture notes?

Meticillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus.

What hygiene method must be used to prevent the spread of C-diff and Scabies?

Soap and water must be used instead of alcohol.

What specialized PPE is required for a patient with Ebola symptoms?

Impermeable gown or coveralls, double gloves with extended cuffs, boots or boot covers, and a full face shield.

How far can large droplets travel according to droplet precaution guidelines?

Droplets can travel up to $6\text{ feet}$.

What are the PPE requirements for droplet precautions?

A surgical mask is required (N95 is not needed) along with standard precautions.

What are the disease components of the Spiderman mnemonic for droplet precautions?

Streptocococcal pharyngitis (Strep throat), Pretussis (whooping cough), Pneumonia, Influenza (Type A and Type B), Diphtheria, Epiglottitis, Rubella, Mumps, Adenovirus, and Niesseria Meningitis.

When is a patient with Strep throat no longer considered contagious and safe to return to school?

After they have taken antibiotics for $24\text{hr}$ and experience no fever.

What physical symptom should cause concern for an anaphylactic reaction when administering Penicillin for Strep throat?

The appearance of HIVES, stridor, or any airway issues.

What is the drug of choice for the treatment and prophylaxis of Pretussis?

Erythromycin.

What is the criteria for receiving the live intranasal influenza vaccine?

The patient must be between $2\text{ yrs} - 49\text{ yrs}$, be completely healthy, and have no medical conditions.

How long should a pediatric patient with an egg allergy be monitored after receiving an IM Influenza vaccine?

For $30-45\text{ min}$, with Benadryl and an Epi-pen on standby.

How can a provider distinguish between the white exudates of Dipheria and Strep throat?

When white exudates are scraped, they bleed in Dipheria, whereas they can be scraped and cultured in Strep throat.

What is the immediate priority for a patient with Epiglottitis?

Secure the airway and prepare for intubation; keep a trach kit at the bedside if intubation is not possible.

Which two signs are associated with Niesseria Meningitis?

Kernig and Brudzinski signs.

Which group of patients is at the highest risk for gram -ve capsular organisms like Niesseria Meningitis, Streptococcus Pneumonia, and Hemophilus Influenza Type B?

Patients who have Sickle cell or those who have no spleen (due to rupture or surgical removal).

What does the mnemonic AIR S MTV represent for airborne precautions?

Airborne precautions are needed for Disseminated Shingles (S), Measles (M), Tuberculosis (T), and Varicella (V).

What specific PPE and room requirements are mandatory for airborne precautions?

An N95 mask must be worn along with contact precautions, and the patient must be placed in a negative pressure room.