PEDS Chapter 25 - Newborn and Infant

When does the infant weight double?

4-6 months

When does the infant weight triple?

12 months

What's the average birth weight?

3500 g

How does the infant length increase?

50% by 12 months

What is the average birth length?

50 cm

When does the posterior fontanel close?

6-8 weeks

When does the anterior fontanel close?

12-18 months

What finding in newborns is normal, that we would usually find alarming in an adult?

Acrocyanosis

What is the newborn regular pulse?

120-140 bpm

What is the normal pulse of a 12 month old?

100 bpm

The infant is what kind of breather?

Nose

How does the heart increase in size and by when?

Doubles by 1 years old

What is the newborn BP?

60/40

What is the BP of a 12 month old?

100/50

When do the first teeth (incisors) erupt?

Age 6 and 8 months

How long does maternal IgG protect the infant?

First 3-6 months

When does infant IgM go to adult levels?

9 months

When does infant IgG go to adult levles?

12 months

How are hemoglobin levels at birth?

High

When do hemoglobin levels stabilize?

6-9 months

What is the normal birth head circumference?

35 cm

From months 1-3, how does head circumference increase?

+2 cm/month

From months 4-12, how does head circumference increase?

+1/2 cm/month

By month 12, what should the head circumference IN TOTAL be increased by?

10 cm

How do gross motor skills develop?

Cephalocaudal

How do fine motor skills develop?

Proximodistal

In terms of gross motor skills, what is normal at 1 month?

Head lag

In terms of gross motor skills, what is normal at 2-3 months?

Raises head

In terms of gross motor skills, what is normal at 4 months?

Lift head and look around, rolling

In terms of gross motor skills, what is normal at 5 months?

Sits up with support

In terms of gross motor skills, what is normal at 6 months?

Tripod sit

In terms of gross motor skills, what is normal at 8 months?

Sits without support

In terms of gross motor skills, what is normal at 9 months?

Crawls with stomach off floor

In terms of gross motor skills, what is normal at 10 months?

Pulls to stand and cruises

In terms of gross motor skills, what is normal at 12 months?

Walk independently

In terms of fine motor skills, what is normal at 1 month?

Fists clenched

In terms of fine motor skills, what is normal at 3 months?

Hands open and held in front of face

In terms of fine motor skills, what is normal at 4 months?

Bats at objects

In terms of fine motor skills, what is normal at 5 months?

Grasps rattle

In terms of fine motor skills, what is normal at 6 months?

Release object to take another

In terms of fine motor skills, what is normal at 7 months?

Object transfer

In terms of fine motor skills, what is normal at 8 months?

Gross pincer grasp - raking

In terms of fine motor skills, what is normal at 9 months?

Bangs objects together

In terms of fine motor skills, what is normal at 10 months?

Fine pincer grasp

In terms of fine motor skills, what is normal at 11 months?

Offers objects to others and releases them

In terms of fine motor skills, what is normal at 12 months?

Feeds self, makes simple mark on paper

When is an abnormal pincer a red flag?

15 months

When is it a red flag if they cannot walk alone?

18 months

When is it a red flag if they have not spoken any words?

2 years

How is the newborn vision described?

Nearsighted and prefers human faces and distinguishable patterns

When does the infant recognize familiar people?

1 month

When is occasional eye wandering and crossing still okay?

4-6 months

When does full color, distance, and object tracking develop?

7 months

How is hearing at birth?

Intact as an adult

When can the newborn recognize familiar voices?

1 month

For speech, what is the baby doing at 1-3 months?

Coos and cries

For speech, what is the baby doing at 4-5 months?

Laugh

For speech, what is the baby doing at 7-10 months?

Babble

For speech, what is the baby doing at 9-12 months?

Mama / dada

When does the baby begin to smile?

2 months

When does the baby initiate interaction?

3 months

When does the baby begin to like interactive games?

6-8 months

When does the baby develop stranger anxiety?

8 months

When is a premature baby born?

Before 36 weeks

How do you calculate adjusted age?

Subtract weeks premature from week born

How much should a 1-3 month old be sleeping?

14-17 hr

How much should a 4-11 month old be sleeping?

12-16 hr

How much should a 12 month old be sleeping?

8-12 hr

When does colic usually resolve by?

3 months

When should the step reflex disappear?

4-8 weeks

When should the rooting reflex disappear?

3 months

When should the suck reflex disappear?

2-5 months

When should the moro and asymmetric tonic neck reflex disappear?

4 months

When should the plantar reflex disappear?

9 months

When does neck righting reflex develop?

4-6 months

When should the Babinski reflex disappear?

12 months

When does the palmar grasp disappear?

4-6 months

When should the parachute reflex develop?

6-7 months

What toys are appropriate for 0-3 months?

High contrast patterns, soft rattles

What toys are appropriate for 4-6 months?

Activity gym, soft blocks

What toys are appropriate for 6-9 months?

Stack toys, textured balls

What toys are appropriate for 9-12 months?

Shape sorters, push toys

When is it a red flag if they cannot sit alone?

9 months

When is it a red flag if they cannot transfer objects?

1 yr