Ch.1 Bio DE test

What is homeostasis?

The ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions.

What are atoms?

The smallest unit of matter.

What are molecules?

Groups of atoms bonded together.

What are macromolecules?

Large, complex molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids).

What are organelles?

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions.

What are cells?

The membrane-bound unit of life.

What are tissues?

Groups of similar cells working together to perform a function.

What are organs?

Structures made of tissues that carry out specific functions.

What is an organ system?

A group of organs that work together to perform body functions.

What is a population?

A group of individuals of the same species living in an area.

What is a species?

A group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

What is a biological community?

All the populations of different species living together in an area.

What is an ecosystem?

A community of organisms plus their physical environment.

What is the biosphere?

All ecosystems on Earth combined.

What are emergent properties?

New properties that arise at each higher level of organization.

What is a theory in science?

A well-supported explanation of natural phenomena.

What does biology unify?

Much of natural science.

Why does life defy simple definition?

Because it shows many complex and interconnected characteristics.

What are the seven characteristics of living things?

1. Cellular organization, 2. Ordered complexity, 3. Sensitivity, 4. Growth, development, and reproduction, 5. Energy utilization, 6. Homeostasis, 7. Evolutionary adaptation.

What are the levels of the cellular level?

Atoms, Molecules, Macromolecules, Organelles,Cells

What are the levels of the organismal level?

Tissues, Organs, Organ systems ,Organism

What are the levels of the population level?

Population, Species, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere

What are emergent properties?

Properties that appear at higher levels of organization due to interactions among components.

What is a scientific theory?

An explanation of natural events that is supported by evidence and can be tested.

What did Darwin propose as the mechanism for evolution?

Natural selection.

What are the Five Core Concepts of Biology?

a. Life is subject to chemical and physical laws; b. Structure determines function; c. Living systems transform energy and matter; d. Living systems depend on information transactions; e. Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life.

Cell theory is one of the foundations of biology. What are the tenets of the cell theory?

Which statement represents the biological characteristics that kittens, oak trees, swans, earth worms, elephants and crickets have in common?

DNA nucleotides form the basis of all inherited life, with cells that are formed from other cells.

After Darwin concluded his voyage on the Beagle, he proposed that the process of natural selection was a mechanism for:

evolution.

Osmometer cells in the brain sense an increase in the salt concentration of plasma. This information is sent to the hypothalamus, which notifies the pituitary gland to release the hormone, ADH. ADH causes the kidney to save water, which lowers the salt concentration of the plasma. What characteristic of life does this overall pathway represent?

Homeostasis

What common life characteristic would cells from a daisy, bacteria, and a dog all have?

DNA

Viruses contain DNA or RNA, but lack genes necessary for metabolism and reproduction. Why are viruses not considered to be alive?

Viruses are unable to reproduce independently of a host.

You have been assigned to address the problem of overpopulation of species X in a nearby county. One of the members of your team suggests introducing species Y, which is a natural predator of species X, but not normally found in the area. After some discussion, you go ahead and introduce species Y. What aspects of the hierarchical organization may be affected within a period of a several years?

population, species, community

You have been assigned to analyze some extraterrestrial material recently collected from Mars. After examining a sample using a microscope you jump up excitedly and shout to your colleagues that you have confirmed the existence of life on Mars. One of your colleagues takes a look at your sample and remarks that all he sees is a single-celled "blob" with little internal structure. Assuming that life on Mars can be classified into similar domains and kingdoms as Earth, to which domain does your "blob" belong?

Archaea

Based on hierarchical levels of biological organization, which of these choices represents the broadest level?

Amazon Basin

A beautiful wood desk you may do your homework on was once a living tree, but after being cut down its tissues died. Now, it only exhibits what property of life?

Organization