P.E 3/4 AOS2

Acute Respiratory Responses

Increased Respiratory rate, Increased tidal volume, Increased ventilation, Increased gaseous exchange

Respiratory Rate

Number of breaths per minute (~15 at rest, 50-60 exercise)

Tidal Volume

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled in a single breath, has a finite capacity reached at sub-maximal intensity

Ventilation

The total amount of air inhaled and exhaled per minute equal to the product of the Tidal volume and the respiratory rate

Gaseous exchange

Pulmonary diffusion, the movement of O2 and CO2 to areas of low concentration.

Acute Cardiovascular Responses

Increased heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, blood pressure, arterio-venous O2 difference, decreased plasma volume, and redistribution of blood flow

Heart Rate

The number of time the heart beats per minute, linear relationship between heart rate and oxygen demand

Stroke volume

The amount of blood ejected per contraction, had a finite capacity.

Cardiac output

The amount of blood ejected per minute, equal to the product of heart rate and stroke volume

Blood pressure

The force exerted of the walls of the blood vessels measured in mmHg

Arteriovenous oxygen difference

The difference in oxygen concentration in arterial and venous blood

Redistribution of Blood flow

Vascular shunt, redirects blood from organs to the muscles, through vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Decreased plasma volume

During exercise, and sweating, the volume of plasma decreases up to 10%, increasing blood viscosity.

Oxygen deficit

Where oxygen supply does not met oxygen demand, increased contribution of anaerobic energy systems

Steady state

Where oxygen demand equals oxygen supply, increase contribution of the aerobic energy system

Excess Post-exercise oxygen consumption

Occurs after exercise, where oxygen supply exceed oxygen demand

Lactate inflection point

The last point in which lactate production and lactate removal is balanced