6.13 Understanding Superstitions and Operant Conditioning

These flashcards cover key concepts related to superstitions, operant conditioning, and cognitive biases discussed in the lecture.

Operant Conditioning

A learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.

Superstitions

Beliefs or practices that are not based on scientific reasoning, often resulting from misunderstandings or false correlations with events.

B.F. Skinner

A psychologist known for his work in behaviorism, particularly for developing the concept of operant conditioning and using it to study animal behavior.

Random Reinforcement Schedule

A method of reinforcement where rewards are given at unpredictable intervals, leading to the development of superstitious behaviors.

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one’s preexisting beliefs.

Memory Bias

A cognitive bias that influences the recollection of memories, often favoring information that aligns with what one already believes.

Placebo Effect

A phenomenon where a person experiences a benefit from a treatment that has no therapeutic effect, influenced by their beliefs and expectations.

Top Down Influences

The effects of prior knowledge and expectations on perception and behavior.

Superstitious Behavior

Actions that individuals believe will influence the outcome of an event, often stemming from irrational connections between behavior and rewards.