My 107 Drone Test

AGL

Above ground level (0 at ground level, smaller than MSL)

• Difficult to use as a reference because terrain changes

To ensure that the unmanned aircraft center of gravity (CG) limits are not exceeded, follow the aircraft loading instructions specified in the

Pilot’s Operating Handbook or UAS Flight Manual

how to use load factor chart?

Find the degree, multiply it by the weight = LF

After receiving authorization from ATC to operate a small UA near Minot International airport (MOT) while the control tower is operational, which radio communication frequency could be used to monitor manned aircraft and ATC communications

CT-118.2

MSL

Mean sea level (altitude above sea level)

FL

Flight Level

• above 18,000 ft MSL

• altitudes are measured in flight levels

• Add 00 to convert FL number to feet. Ex. FL240 = 24,000 ft MSL

VFR

Visual Flight Rules.

• Pilots fly by reference to the ground, while staying away from clouds/fog/reduced visibility

• outside needs to be visible

IFR

Instrument Flight Rules.

• Pilots fly by reference to the instrumentation available in the cockpit. This requires special training and certification for manned aircraft pilots.

• don’t need to see outside

• what commercial airline pilots use to fly through clouds/fog

VMC

Visual Meteorological Conditions

• Conditions under which VFR or IFR flights are possible

• Will only fly in VMC when using drone

IMC

Instrument Meteorological Conditions

• Conditions under which are Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) possible

• not Drone

Class A

Class Alpha

• starts at 18,000ft MSL to FL600

• fast jets

• not drones

Class B

Class Bravo

• upside down wedding cake shape

• typically, from the surface to 10,000ft MSL (not always)

• setup around the busiest airports

• MOSR restrictive type

• need to get authorization or clearance prior

Class B Map

• Numbers at lines: bottom # = airspace starts, top # = ends

• add 00 = 90 = 90,000 ft MSL

• center = core = right above airport = have to get approval to fly here

• can find MSL of airport by name

• airspace starts # - airport MSL = AGL

• Blue lines

Class C (IN AGL)

• 2 layers/volumes

• Inner cylinder = 5NM radius = typically from the surface to 4,000 AGL

• outer cylinder = 10 NM radius = 1,200ft AGL - 4,000ft AGL

• setup around towered airports = have a lot of IFR operations

• not as busy airports

Class C map

Class Charlie

• magenta lines

• top airspace MSL - airport MSL = inner cylinder AGL = how high it is above the ground

Mode C Veil

• class B is surrounded by mode C veil

• Not an airspace

• manned aircraft are req. to be equipped w a mode C transponder (same magenta color dont confuse)

When two classes are together… Ex. class B and C

T (negative sign) = 2,999 MSL FT = top of class C airspace

• 3,000 - start of Class B

Class Delta

• single cylinder = typically from surface to 2,500ft AGL

• radius varies on airport

• airports that are busy enough to warrant a control tower

Class D Maps

• dotted/dash blue line

• if airport is at high MSL = airspace MSL - airport MSL = 2,500 AGL

Class D control towers only operate during the…

Day

• once tower shuts off, airspace reverts to Class E or Class G

Class Echo

everything that is controlled and not A, B, C, or D

• most of the airspace of national airspace

• 1200ft AGL unless otherwise designated

• some exceptions with starting at 14,500ft MSL

• can sometimes start at 700ft AGL, surface

• manned aircraft are likely to be using their onboard instruments

• not req. to get authorization but E2

• depicted by zipper lines

Class E maps

class E1 = solid shaded blue line surrounding the US map (one side is darker than the other, same line)

• lighter = starts at 1,200 ft AGL

• darker = 14,500 ft MSL

class E5 = shaded magenta line

• lighter = 700ft AGL

• darker = 1,200ft AGL

Dashed magenta line (E2, E3, E4)

• from the surface

Class E1

Class E at and above 14,000 ft MSL

• dark blue shaded line

Class E2

class E designated as a surface area for an airport

• ONLY ONE that needs authorization

• common

• primary to airport

• No extension of any class

• dashed magenta line

Class E3

Class E designated as an extension to a class C surface

• dashed magenta line

Class E4

Class E designated as an extension to a class D or class E surface area

• common

• dashed magenta line

Class E5

Class E extending upward from 700ft - 1,200ft AGL or more above the surface

• shaded magenta line

Straight magenta line w numbers

NOT class E = magnetic variation line

Class G

Golf Airspace

• everything else that’s left

• uncontrolled airspace = free for all

• below class E

• not represented on the sectional chart

• does NOT req. approval

Class G maps

• surface - 1,199 ft AGL (light of blue line)

• surface - 14,499 ft AGL (dark of blue line)

• surface - 699ft AGL (light of magenta line)

• surface - 1,199 ft AGL (dark of magenta line)

What do the numbers following AWOS in a map mean?

the weather. 135.075 MHz

Obstacles

• wind turbines

• triangle looking with dot

• will have MSL number (bottom is how tall the obstacle is)

• MSL - AGL = base of obstacle in MSL

• mines

• powerlines

• diamonds = stadiums

• R in a circle = private airports

MOA areas

Military and government areas

Alert Areas

A-#

Restricted areas

R - # letter

• blue comb

• see table for information

• assume it’s from the surface if it starts to

Line of variation

• dashed magenta lne

• EX. 11*30E

• 11 degrees 30 minutes E variation

Where can you find airport infromation

• chart supplements

• notices to air missions (NOTAMS)

• ATIS (Automatic Terminal Information System)

• Aeronautical Charts

Charts Supplements

• provides detailed info for each airport

• formerly called airport/facility directory (AFD)

• nine regions

What are the sections of Chart Supplements

1. Legend

2. Airport/Facility Directory (by state)

3. notices (major changes since it was last published)

4. associated data (phone #, freq. forms, etc)

5. airport diagrams

What classes do you need clearance from the ATC?

B, C, D or within the lateral boundaries of the surface area of Class E

What classes do you noy need formal clearance to enter but you need to establish a two-way radio communication with the ATC

C and D