openstax chapter 1

anatomy def

the study of the body’s structures and their forms

gross anatomy def

the study of larger structures in the body

• without the need of magnification

what is another term for gross anatomy?

macroscopic anatomy

microscopic anatomy def

the study of smaller structures in the body that can only be observed with the use of a microscope

histology def

the study of tissues and their functions

cytology def

the study of cells, their components, and their functions

regional anatomy def

• studies the relationships of all body structures in one region of the body

• studies how they work together in that area

• ex: in the head, chest, abdomen

systemic anatomy def

• study of structures that make up a specific body system

• studies how they perform a body function

• ex: body systems; skeletal, integumentary, muscular

physiology def

• study of the function of parts that make up living things

• study of chem and physics of the body structures

what is physiology centered around?

physiology is centered around the body’s want to maintain homeostasis

what is the structural organization of the human body?

• chemical level

• cellular level

• tissue level

• organ level

• organ system level

• organism level

lymphatic system composition

• lymph nodes

• spleen

• thymus

• bone marrow

lymphatic system purpose

• protection against disease

• transports tissue fluid

• absorbs fats

respiratory system composition

• lungs

• nasal passages

• larynx

respiratory system purpose

• exchange of gasses respiratory gasses between air and circulating blood

• delivers oxygen to the blood

• removes carbon dioxide from the body

muscular system composition

• muscles

• tendons

muscular system purpose

• enables movement

• temperature regulation

nervous system composition

• brain

• spinal chord

• peripheral nerves

nervous system purpose

• detects + processes sensory information

• responds to stimuli

• activates body responses

integumentary system composition

• hair

• skin

• nails

integumentary system purpose

• outer layer of protection

• provides external support

• regulates temperature

• has sensory receptors

skeletal system composition

• bones

• joints

• cartilage

skeletal system purpose

• enables movement

• provides support + stability

• forms blood cells

• stores minerals

endocrine system composition

• thyroid gland

• pituitary gland

• testes

• ovaries

• adrenal gland

• pancreas

endocrine system purpose

• secretes hormones that direct long term changes in other organ systems

• regulates bodily processes

cardiovascular system composition

• heart

• blood vessels

cardiovascular system purpose

• deliver oxygen to body cells

• remove carbon dioxide from the body

• removes waste

• transports nutrients throughout the body

urinary system composition

• kidneys

• bladder

• urethra

urinary system purpose

• controls pH

• eliminates excess water

• removes wastes

reproductive system composition

• females: mammary glands, uterus, vagina, ovaries

• males: testes, prostate, seminal vesicles, penis, scrotum

reproductive system purpose

• produce sperm

• produce egg

• secrete sex hormones

• copulation