unit 1 stats

population

response of all _______

* an entire group

sample

response of # __________

* part of a population

data

% of ________ would, while % would not

population parameter

numerical description of all of a population

* senior class score

sample statistic

numerical description of part of a population

* 1,000 US adults

qualitative

attributes and labels

* hair color, phone numbers, zip codes

quantitative

measurements and counts

* scores, GPAs, weight, height

nominal

categorized qualitative data only (not arranged in a meaningful order)

* labels of movies, phone numbers, allergies

ordinal

qualitative or quantitative data in order/ranked

* top five lists, teams, pain level

interval

ordered with meaningful differences, can go below 0

* years, temperature,

ratio

ordered with meaningful differences, cannot go below 0

* salary, heart rate, weight

observational

observes and measures characteristics, nothing is changed

* no treatment being recieved by patients

experiment

treatment and control group

* treatment is applied

simple random sample

every person has the same chance of being selected

* random digit dialing
* bias: not everyone has the form of media the researcher uses

stratified

a few members from each group are sampled

* students divided by class and a few are used
* bias: one class may be a majority/underrepresentation

cluster

every member from a few groups are sampled

* selecting every household in a district from some grids
* bias: selected groups may not represent the whole pop.

systematic

every member is assigned a number and randomly selected

* stopping every fourth person and interviewing them
* bias: proximity and type of location samples are leaving

convenience

samples are easy to get

* interviewing friends
* bias: underrepresentation, biased opinions