BAILEYS & SCOTT'S - SECTION 8-11,13

c. Report the culture as no growth with a commentthat indicates the organism may be viable but non- culturable, and the result does not rule out the pres- ence of an infection.

A patient presents with diarrhea after spending 2 weeks in Haiti after the country’s devastation by an earth- quake. A stool specimen is collected and inoculated to enrichment broth before subculturing to TCBS. After 48 hours of incubation on TCBS, no growth is identi- fied on the media. What should the laboratory scientist do next?

a. Request a new specimen.

b. Run quality control organisms to check the integ-

rity of the TCBS media.

c. Report the culture as no growth with a commentthat indicates the organism may be viable but non-culturable, and the result does not rule out the pres- ence of an infection.

d. Report all cultures as no growth.

a. A. hydrophilia

A stool specimen is submitted for culture. The results are beta-hemolytic on blood agar, NLF on MacConkey, oxidase positive, bull’s-eye appearance on CIN agar. This organism is most likely:

a. A. hydrophilia

b. Y. enterocolitica

c. C. violaceum

d. G. hollisae

a. V. mimicus

A suspected isolate of Vibrio spp. is isolated from a young child with diarrhea. The organism is identified as a curved gram-negative rod, oxidase- and lactose- positive, sucrose-negative, that produces yellow colo- nies on TCBS and is NaCl tolerant. This organism is most likely:

a. V. mimicus

b. V. furnissii

c. V. cholerae

d. V. fluvialis

salt-loving

halophilic

enterotoxin

Zot

cellulitis and abscess formation

C. violaceum

gastroenteritis & endocarditis

Aeromonas spp.

ear infections

V. alginolyticus

profuse watery diarrhea

V. cholerae

Salt tolerance

What simple biochemical test can be used to dif- ferentiate V. cholerae, V. mimicus, and Aeromonas spp. from the other organisms discussed in this chapter?

c. S. paucimobilis

Of all the bacteria discussed in this chapter, which one has been most highly implicated in disease?

a. S. parapaucimobilis

b. S. mizutaii

c. S. paucimobilis

d. None of the organisms listed

a. They produce yellow pigment, do not grow on MacConkey agar, and oxidize glucose.

Initial clues of the presence of this group of bacteria for clinical laboratorians are:

a. They produce yellow pigment, do not grow on MacConkey agar, and oxidize glucose.

b. They produce no pigment, do not grow in thioglycollate broth, and oxidize glucose.

c. They produce tan/buff pigment, do not grow on blood agar, and oxidize xylose.

d. They produce yellow pigment, do not grow on blood agar, and ferment glucose.

e. a, b, and c

Identification approaches useful for speciation of Sphingomonas are:

a. H2S production

b. Citrate utilization

c. DNase production

d. a and c

e. a, b, and c

F

Growth on 5% sheep blood, chocolate, and Mac- Conkey agar plates is a common trait of Sphingomonas spp. (t/f)

F

Most bacteria discussed in this chapter are common causes of pathogenicity. (Sphingomonas and Similar Organisms) (t/f)

T

Although antimicrobial susceptibility results of bacteria discussed in this chapter have been reported in the literature, there is currently no validated method available. (Sphingomonas and Similar Organisms) (t/f)

a. yellow pigment

b. oxidize glucose

c. hydrolyze esculin

e. produce DNase

S. paucimobilis

a. yellow pigment

b. oxidize glucose

c. hydrolyze esculin

d. produce urease

S. multivorum

b. oxidize glucose

c. hydrolyze esculin

S. parapaucimobilis

c. Sexual contact

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

The organisms discussed in this chapter are transmitted by all of the following except:

a. Droplet person to person

b. Animal bite

c. Sexual contact

d. Trauma

b. A. actinomycetemcomitans

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

A patient having a fever and chills came to the emergency department. The patient reported having his wisdom teeth removed 2 days prior. After 4 days of incubation, a gram-negative bipolar staining rod was isolated from the patient’s blood. The organism was catalase positive and indole negative. The organism is most likely:

a. C. hominis

b. A. actinomycetemcomitans

c. K. kingae

d. A. aphrophilus

F

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Actinobacillus spp. grow best in CO2 under dry conditions. (t/f)

F

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

All the organisms discussed in this chapter grow well in commercial blood culture systems. (t/f)

T

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Specimens suspected of containing Capnocytopha- ga spp. should be incubated for up to 7 days. (t/f)

meningitis

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Actinobacillus spp.

endocarditis

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Kingella spp.

slow growing

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

dysgonic

septicemia

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Capnocytophaga spp.

hemolytic uremic syndrome

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

C. canimorsus

osteoarthritis

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

K. kingae

c. Hemin

Haemophilus

All species of the genus Haemophilus require which of the following for in vitro growth?

a. Nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD)

b. Cystine

c. Hemin

d. a and c

c. H. ducreyi

Haemophilus

Which of the following Haemophilus spp. is an agent of a

sexually transmitted disease?

a. H. parainfluenzae b. H. influenzae

c. H. ducreyi

d. H. hemolyticus

b. Type b

Haemophilus

Which capsule type of H. influenzae is most common?

a. Type a

b. Type b

c. Type c

d. NTHi

d. A. aphrophilus

Haemophilus

All of the following organisms require X and V factors, except:

a. H. influenzae

b. H. haemolyticus

c. H. influenzae biotype aegyptius

d. A. aphrophilus

t

Haemophilus

H. influenzae can be found as normal microbiota of the upper respiratory tract of humans. (t/f)

F

Haemophilus

H. influenzae type a vaccine has been developed to decrease infection in children. (t/f)

F

Haemophilus

Five percent sheep blood agar provides the factors necessary for the growth of all Haemophilus spp. (t/f)

F

Haemophilus

Haemophilus spp. are able to grow on MacConkey agar. (t/f)

T

Haemophilus

Most strains of Haemophilus can grow anaerobi- cally and aerobically. (t/f)

X factor

Haemophilus

hemin

V factor

Haemophilus

NAD

type b

Haemophilus

H. influenza

determines X factor requirement

Haemophilus

ALA-porphyrin test

Staphylococcus streak technique

Haemophilus

satellite phenomenon

detects smaller numbers of organisms

Haemophilus

acridine orange

b. Haverhill fever

Streptobacillus spp. and Spirillum minus

When S. moniliformis is acquired by ingestion, the disease is called:

a. Trench fever

b. Haverhill fever

c. Cat-scratch disease

d. Lyme disease

b. Mercury drops

Streptobacillus spp. and Spirillum minus

All of the following have been used to describe colonies

of S. moniliformis except:

a. Fluff balls

b. Mercury drops

c. Bread crumbs

d. Fried egg

c. Hantavirus

Streptobacillus spp. and Spirillum minus

S. minus also causes rat-bite fever in humans and is

referred to as:

a. Haverhill fever

b. Legionnaire’s disease

c. Hantavirus

d. Sodoku

a. Mouse or guinea pig inoculation

Streptobacillus spp. and Spirillum minus

Definitive diagnosis of S. minus is made by:

a. Mouse or guinea pig inoculation

b. Serologic tests

c. Culture of lymph node tissue

d. Gram stain

b. . Wild and laboratory rats

Streptobacillus spp. and Spirillum minus

ThenaturalhabitatofStreptobacillusistheupperrespira- tory tract of:

a. African dwarf frogs

b. Wild and laboratory rats

c. Prairie rattlesnakes

d. Black-footed ferrets

c. Arthritis

Streptobacillus spp. and Spirillum minus

S. moniliformis and S. minus can be differentiated symp-automatically by:

a. Febrile episodes

b. Rash

c. Arthritis

d. Headache

d. MacConkey agar in ambient air

Streptobacillus spp. and Spirillum minus

All of the following are necessary for the growth of S. moniliformis except:

a. The presence of blood, ascitic fluid, or serum

b. 48 hours of incubation at 37°C

c. 5% to 10% CO2 environment

d. MacConkey agar in ambient air

c. Spiral organisms with two or three coils of polytri-

chous polar flagella

Streptobacillus spp. and Spirillum minus

On Giemsa staining, S. minus appears as:

a. Club-shaped cells

b. Extreme pleomorphism

c. Spiral organisms with two or three coils of polytri-

chous polar flagella

d. Bipolar-staining coccoid forms

c. Reject the specimen

Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

A rectal swab is submitted for anaerobic culture. The laboratory scientist should:

a. Set up the swab on the routine laboratory media for anaerobic culture

b. Set up the swab on routine stool and anaerobic media

c. Reject the specimen

d. Use the swab for toxin testing to identify C. difficile

c. Actinomyces spp.

Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

Sulfur granules in a clinical specimen indicate the pres- ence of:

a. Clostridium spp.

b. Fusobacterium spp.

c. Actinomyces spp.

d. Peptostreptococcus spp.

c. Clostridium and Bacteroides spp.

Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

The ethanol shock procedure is used to differentiate:

a. Actinomyces and Bifidobacterium spp.

b. Prevotella and Porphyromonas spp.

c. Clostridium and Bacteroides spp.

d. Bacteroides and Actinomyces spp.

a. Three blood cultures and a stool specimen

Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

The physician suspects a case of C. perfringens–associated enteritis necroticans. The specimen(s) required for diag- nosis is/are:

a. Three blood cultures and a stool specimen

b. A stool specimen

c. A colonic tissue biopsy

d. Stool and a colonic tissue biopsy

c. Liquid stool is used primarily to provide material for

ease of toxicity testing.

Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

In the diagnosis of C. difficile infection (CDI), all of the

following are true except:

a. Specimens may be stored for up to 3 days before

processing.

b. Specimen collection requires a fresh stool for culture

and toxicity testing.

c. Liquid stool is used primarily to provide material for

ease of toxicity testing.

d. Liquid or partially formed stool is required to prevent

false diagnosis of a carrier state.

a. Lactobacillus sp.

Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

A suprapubic urine aspirate is collected and submitted

for anaerobic culture. After 72 hours of incubation and biochemical testing, the organism is identified as a gram- positive, aerotolerant, catalase-negative rod. The organ- ism is most likely:

a. Lactobacillus sp.

b. Bifidobacterium sp.

c. Eubacterium sp.

d. C. septicum

d. Normal microbiota

Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

Transmission of anaerobic infections is predominantly a result of:

a. Medical device inoculation

b. Nosocomial spread

c. Contaminated food and water

d. Normal microbiota

b. C. perfringens

Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

A patient presented to the emergency department com- plaining of a foul-smelling, purulent wound on his hand. The patient states that he injured his hand 3 days ear- lier while working in the yard. Microbiology cultures are ordered, and after 72 hours, the following results are obtained: gram-negative rod, growth on anaerobic blood agar, positive aerotolerance, weakly catalase-positive, colistin-resistant, kanamycin-resistant, and vancomycin- sensitive. The organism is most likely:

a. B. fragilis

b. C. perfringens

c. F. nucleatum

d. B. thetaiotaomicron

bacterial vaginosis

Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

Mobiluncus spp.

propionic acid

Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

Propionibacterium spp.

SPS sensitive

Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

P. micra

sulfur granules

Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

Actinomyces

brick red fluorescence

Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

Prevotella spp.

pointed- and blunt-ended

Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

Leptotrichia spp.

BoNT

Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

bioassay

bile resistant

Overview of Anaerobic Organisms

Bacteroides spp