exam 3 week 8NURS 2301-3 Pharmacology: Anti-Hypertensives

Vocabulary and key clinical facts regarding antihypertensive medication classes, prototypes, and blood pressure guidelines.

Normal Blood Pressure

$<120$ Systolic and $<80$ Diastolic $mmHg$.

Elevated Blood Pressure

$120-129$ Systolic and $<80$ Diastolic $mmHg$.

Hypertension Stage 1

$130-139$ Systolic or $80-89$ Diastolic $mmHg$.

Hypertension Stage 2

$140+$ Systolic or $90+$ Diastolic $mmHg$.

Hypertensive Crisis

$180+$ Systolic and/or $120+$ Diastolic $mmHg$.

Primary Hypertension

High blood pressure caused by unknown elements.

Secondary Hypertension

High blood pressure caused by other conditions that affect the central nervous system, endocrine system, and renal system.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

A first-line treatment for HTN that blocks the production of angiotensin II and reduces the release of aldosterone.

enalapril

The prototype ACE inhibitor that blocks conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II, resulting in Na + H2O excretion and K retention.

Angioedema

A serious adverse drug reaction associated with ACE Inhibitors (enalapril) and ARBs (valsartan) that requires discontinuation of the medication.

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

A class of drugs that increases blood supply and O2 to the heart by blocking angiotensin II receptors.

valsartan

The prototype Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) used to treat hypertension; patients should avoid NSAIDS while taking this.

Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB)

Drugs that cause peripheral vasodilation by blocking calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle.

amlodipine

The prototype Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB) which may cause gingival hyperplasia and requires a precaution to avoid grapefruit juice.

Beta Blockers (BB)

Drugs that block beta-1 receptors, resulting in decreased HR, decreased contractility, and slowed conduction.

metoprolol tartrate

A prototype Beta Blocker that should be held if the heart rate is $<60$ bpm and must not be stopped abruptly to avoid rebound hypertension.

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

The prototype Thiazide diuretic that inhibits reabsorption of Na + Cl, leading to increased Na and H2O excretion and loss of K+.

Direct-Acting Vasodilators

Drugs like hydralazine that directly vasodilate arterioles to decrease blood pressure.

Reflex tachycardia

A specific adverse drug reaction associated with the direct-acting vasodilator hydralazine.

Gingival hyperplasia

An adverse reaction specific to the Calcium Channel Blocker prototype amlodipine involving the overgrowth of gum tissue.