apush terms!! (1-130)

General Court

Representative assembly elected by "freemen"

John Winthrop

Leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Restoration Colonies

North American colonies granted by King Charles II after the English monarchy was restored in 1660

Leisler's Rebellion

American response to the Glorious Revolution. Highlighted opposition to power concentrated in the wealthy class.

Quaker

Taught that all persons had an Inner Light that allowed them to commune directly with God

Navigation Acts

Foundation for Britain's mercantilist system

Half-Way Covenant

To profess saving grace upon reaching adulthood. Helped Puritan rule, signaled New England Way was coming to an end.

Dominion of New England

Britain's first attempt to establish more control over the colonies; created a "super-colony" and eliminated self-government

Bacon's Rebellion

Uprising which occurred because of desire for Native American lands

Enlightenment

Intellectual movement that swept 18th century America. Rationalism; paved the way for Amer. Revolution

Great Awakening

New Light vs Old Light; stressed emotional and personal experience of religion

Albany Congress

First attempt at colonial unification

French and Indian War

Its aftermath forced Britain to establish more control over the colonies and attempt to gain more revenue

Writs of assistance

British attempt to strengthen mercantilism by allowing unwarranted searches

Stamp Act

"No taxation without representation"

Townshend Acts

Britain's attempt to externally tax colonies

Tea Act

Britain's attempt to bail out the East India Company

"Common Sense"

Revolutionary pamphlet

Second Continental Congress

First unofficial government of the US

Saratoga

Burgoyne's defeat that led to French assistance

Treaty of Paris in 1783

America's first land acquisition was done through this

Articles of Confederation

Created a league of friendship between states and a weak central government

Newburgh Conspiracy

Occurred because the army wasn't getting paid

Northwest Ordinance

One of the few successes by the Articles; set regulation for statehood

Shay’s Rebellion

Caused by a poor economy for farmers after Revolutionary War, showed weakness of Articles of Confederation

Republican Motherhood

Defined the role of women in the early US; responsible for teaching their children virtues of being a good citizen

Federalist Papers

Meant to persuade New Yorkers to accept the Constitution

Anti-Federalists

Loosely-organized group that did not support a strong central government

Bill of Rights

First list of civil rights for Americans

Judiciary Act of 1789

Set up federal court as we know it

Federal Naturalization Law of 1790

Stated only white persons were eligible to be citizens

Hamilton’s Reports

3 messages that were meant to stabilize American economy

Jay’s Treaty

Britain left the northwest forts in 1790

Pinckney Treaty

Opened Mississippi to trade

Whiskey Rebellion

Pennsylvania farmers hurt by taxes on corn led to this event

XYZ Affair

French officials who tried to bribe American Ambassadors - led to major decline in French/American relations. Also would lead to undeclared war the Quasi War.

Election of 1800

"We are federalists. We are all Republicans"

Alien and Sedition Acts

Aimed at hurting and quieting Republican opposition

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

According to these, states had the right to pronounce unconstitutional laws nullified

Marbury vs Madison

Adams' appointment of midnight judges

Louisiana Purchase

One of Jefferson's inconsistencies; hoped it would solidify America's agrarian nature for years to come

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Group who gathered scientific data on their journey and strengthened US claim to Oregon

Yazoo Claims

Jefferson allowed corrupted investors to purchase 5 million acres of land

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

War almost broke out in 1807

Embargo of 1807

Jefferson's attempt to be neutral in British-Franco conflict's

Tecumseh

Alarmed by the loss of Native American land, tried to unite Native tribes

Treaty of Ghent

Showed the uselessness of the War of 1812

“American System”

National policy proposed by Henry Clay

Hartford Convention

New England Federalists drafted a list of proposals and threatened secession

Rush-Bagot Treaty

British warships would not remain in Great Lakes (demilitarization)

Barbary Wars

Began under Jefferson in response to demands of tribute from Tripoli

Adams-Onis Treaty

Gave US possession of Florida, set border from Atlantic to Pacific

Monroe Doctrine

Final attempt in US foreign policy to settle outside influences during the Era of Good Feelings

Panic of 1819

Directly related to land overspeculation

Dartmouth College vs Woodward

Ruled that states could not interfere with legal contracts

McCulloch vs Maryland

Established constitutionality of the Second Bank of the US; re-established dominance of federalism

Gibbons vs Ogden

Established constitutionality of interstate commerce

Missouri Compromise

Attempt to appease both North and South by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state to the Union

The Cotton Culture

Existed in the South due to the existence of slavery, plantations, and a dominant crop

Samuel Slater

Brought plans for textile factories to the US

Lowell System

Employed women in early factories/mills

Second Great Awakening

This had a marked emphasis on personal salvation and nationalistic faith

Corrupt Bargain

Jackson accused Adams and Clay of this

Tariff of Abominations

A high import duty on many products bought by Southern plantations

Kitchen Cabinet

A group of Partisan supporters who had Jackson's ear and confidence

Maysville Road

Jackson's veto of this signaled the end of internal improvements by the federal government

Worcester vs Georgia

Ruling which supported Indian sovereignty; ignored by Jackson

The Webster-Hayne Debate (1830)

Occurred in the Senate. Argument over constitutionality of nullification

Force Bill

Empowered Jackson to use federal troops to enforce laws

Nicholas Biddle

Attempted to thwart Jackson's use of pet banks

Specie Circular

This stated that federal land sales could only be paid with hard money

Tocqueville’s Democracy in America

Result of observations from traveling through America; observed the Trail of Tears

The Liberator

"And I will be heard"

Horace Mann

Education reformer

McGuffey Readers

One of America's first standardized textbooks

Manifest Destiny

Idea that God had preordained American success and expansion

Wilmot Proviso

Stipulated any lands taken from Mexico could not practice slavery or hold slaves

Compromise of 1850

Allowed California to join the Union as a free state

Free Soil Party

Political unit meant to keep slavery from expanding

Commodore Matthew Perry

A U.S naval officer who headed an expedition that forced Japan in 1853-1854 to enter trade and diplomatic relations with the West.

“The American Scholar”

Ralph Waldo Emerson's speech, said the US needed a break from dependence on European thought

Seneca Falls Declaration

Early women's rights manifesto

Hudson River School

Painters who focused their work on America's natural landscape

Minstrel Shows

Shows by whites in blackface that perpetuated racist stereotypes about black people

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Depiction of the evils of slavery

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Allowed Douglas's RR to take a Northern route

Bleeding Kansas

Mini "Civil War" that broke out; popular sovereignty

Dred-Scott Decision

Said slaves weren't citizens and therefore couldn't sue

Yeoman Farmers

Non-slaveholding family farmers

Hinton R. Helper

Revealed not all whites supported slavery

Know Nothing Party

Highlighted the political unease in the 1850s; anti-foreign and anti-Catholic

Ostend Manifesto

Document written in 1854 describing rationale for U.S to buy Cuba from Spain and declare war on Spain if they refused. Slaveholders wanted to expand slavery.

Freeport Doctrine

Articulated by Stephen A. Douglas in spite of the Dred-Scott decision, slavery could be excluded from territories of the U.S by local legislation. Caused the South to demand a federal slave code.

John Brown

Helped cause the Civil War; led to the South's creation of stronger militia

First Battle of Bull Run

Sent the message that the Civil War wouldn't be concluded so quickly

Homestead Act

The intention of this was to settle the Plains. Helped westward expansion, granted 160 acres of free land to claimants.

“King Cotton”

Emphasized the importance of cotton to the extent that it could dictate who foreign countries would side with during the Civil War.

Battle of Antietam

Convinced Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. Union victory; was a large Confederate invasion that almost reached Washington D.C.

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

Lincoln's plan to reunite the Union, very moderate and lenient

Wade-Davis Bill

Early Republican outline of what would become radical Reconstruction of the South