DANB RHS EXAM - study guide

Professor Wilhelm Roentgen

a)advocated radiology in the u.s

b)exposed the first radiographs in the u.s

c)discovered the xray

d)employed the first dental auxiliary in the united states

c

Digital Radiography Utilizes the following approach

a)filmless radiographic computer imaging system

b)electronically charged plated imaging system

c)nonionizing radio frequency imaging system

d) none of the above

a

a form of energy is

a)heat

b)light

c)electricity

d) x-radiation

e) all of the above

e

Photons are described as

a)bundles of energy

b) dental film mounts

c) electrically neutral particles

d) negatively charged atomic particles

a

Limited Penetration long wavelength radiation is known as

a) short wavelengths

b) hard radiation

c) soft radiation

d) desirable wavelengths

c

Background Radiation originates from:

a)enviornment

b) outerspace

c) radionuclides

d) terrestrail radiation

e) all of the above

e

Ionizing Radiation produces ions when

a) radiation passes through the body tissues

b) ions compress into the atmosphere

c) isotopes flow freely on air

d) none of the above

a

Common Characteristics of radiation are

a) wavelengths that determine the penetrating power of the energy

b) forms of electromagnetic radiation

c) the giving off of electrical fields at right angles to the path of travel

d) straight lines that travel at 186,000 miles per second

e) all of the above

e

Hard Radiation is considered to be

a) shortwavelengths with great penetrating power. most deseriable and capable of penetrating oral structures

b) long wavelengths with limited penetrating power. unsuitable for exposing radiographs

a

an electron is defined as

a) anything that occupies space and has mass

b) electrically neutral tiny particle

c) center of the atom

d) negatively charged atomic particle

d

Penumbra is defined as

a)magnification of an object

b) diverging xrays

c) distortion of the shape of an image

d) fuzzy outline of a radiographic image

d

What are the properties of electromagnectic radiation?

a) travels at the speed of light

b) no electrical charge and no mass or weight

c) measurable energies

d) a & b

e) all of the above

e

Ionizing types of radiation include

a) gamma rays

b) cosmic rays

c) xrays

d) only a & b

e) all of the above

e

xrays are categorized in the electromagnetic spectrum according to their

a)milliliters

b)seconds

c) liters

d) wavelengths

d

The measurment unit of the number of oscillations per second of electromagnetic radiation is known as

a)crest

b) wavelength

c) bremsstrahlung

d) frequency

d

Xrays Charastically

a) travel in waves

b) are invisible

c) have no mass

d) all of the above

d

a unit measuring ionization in the air is known as

a) coulomb per kilogram

b) gray

c) siervert

d) anstorm

a

A unit measuring the effect of xrays and tissues is defined as

a) rad

b) rem

c) roentgen

d) angstrom

b

Xrays Originate when components in the tube are heated and free electrons are propelled at high speeds toward the

a) cathode

b) electrode

c) focusing cup

d) tungsten target

d

Dense structures such as bone and enamel

a) absorb more xrays

b) absorb less xrays

c) appear radiopaque

d) appear radiolucent

e) a&c

f) b&d

e

Within the xray tube, converted energy produces

a)50%heat 50%xrays

b) 85%heat 15%xrays

c)90%heat 10%xrays

d)99%heat 1%xrays

d

The electrical circuits of the xray machine include

a) filament circut (low voltage)

b) cathode-anode (high voltage)

c) tuning circuit

d) all of the above

e) a&b

e

The electric current flows through the filament circuit and heats the

a) tungsten target

b) cathode filament

c) coolidge tube

d) focal spot

e) none of the above

b

The positive terminal for electrode in an electric circuit is the

a) cathode

b) anode

c) yoke

d) timing device

b

Thermonic emission is created by a

a) vaccum within the tube

b) filament wire heated to incandensence

c) stream of electrons

d) high-voltage current

b

a tungsten target inset into copper is located in the ____ of the coolidge tube

a) dollimator

b) anode

c) cathode

d) filter

e) none of the above

b

The sharpness of definition of the radiograph is determined by the

a)anode

b) cathode

c) electric circuit

d) focal spot

d

Within the xray machine the direction of electric current flows from the

a) anode to cathode

b) target of the anode to the filament of the wire

c) filament of the cathode to the target of the anode

d) none of the above

c

The amperage control determines the

a) number of free electrons at the cathode filament

b) speed of electrons toward the target

c) duration of exposure

d) none of the above

a

When the amperage is increased of the master control unit the amount of radiation produced will

a)decrease

b)increase

c) stay the same

b

The highest voltage to which the current in the tube rises during an exposure is called

a) kvp peak

b) millamperage

c) millamperage seconds

d) none of the above

a

What Factor must be changed in order to maintain optimum film density when the tungsten target film distance is increased

a) exposure time

b) developing time

c) fixing time

d) none of the above

a

When the target film distance is doubled and the film speed and the machine variables remain constant the exposure time will.

a) increase by ninefold

b) decrease by ninefold

c) increase by fourfold

d) decrease by fourfold

c

the total radiation generated during dental radiographic exposure is deterimined by

a) MA

b) exposure time

c) kvp

d) millampere seconds

d

a decrease in the MA will lighten the density of the radiograph

a) true

b) false

a

long scale contrast indicate that the density diffrences between areas on the processed radiographs will appear small

a) true

b) false

a

what diffrences in density will be evident on a processed film that has short film contrast

a) few shades of gray

b) more shades of gray

c) black and white only

d) non of the above

a

foreshorting of the film is due to ___ of the PID

a) too much verticle angulation

b) too little verticle angulation

c) too much horizontal angulation

d) too little hortizontal anugulation

a

Conecutting of the film is the result of

a) central ray not being aimed at the center of the film

b) central ray being aimed at the center of the film

c) film extending more than 1/2 inch above or below the occlusal plane

d) none of the above

a

Overlapping is caused by an error of

a) verticle angulation

b) verticle position

c) horizontal angulation

d) horizontal position

c

the type of film that shows the entire tooth and its structure around the root apex is the

a) bw

b) occlusal

c) periapical

d) panorex

c

the correct position of the patients occlusal plane during the bisecting technique is

a) perpendicular to the floor

b) parallel to the midsagital plane

c) parallel to the floor

d) none of the above

c

during the application of the parallel technique the aiming ring of the film holding device should align ___ to the postion indicating device

a) parallel

b) angeled

c) distant

d) opposite

a

the correcct film position that is required during the paralleing technique is

a) 1/2 inch above the occlusal plane

b) parallel to the long axis of the tooth

c) horizontal to the long axis of the tooth

d) none of the above

b

an insufficinate amount of verticle angulation will produce an image appearing

a)foreshortened

b) elongated

c) overlapped

d) herringboned

b

the advantages of utilizing the parallel technique during exposure of radiographs is

a) dimensional distortion is minimized

b) greater accuracy

c) improved defination of the image

d) a & b

e) all of the above

e

which position indication device is considered to be the most advantageous in the reduction of radiation expisure

a) 8 inch pid

b) 8 inch open ended pid

c) 16 inch open ended cone

d) rectangular cone

d

the advantage of increading the target film distance for patient protection is that it serves to

a) increase scatter radiation

b) reduce film speed

c) decrease radiation intensity

d) all of the above

c

The film holding device utilized for the paralleling technique is the

a) pt finger

b) hemostat

c) snap a ray

d) xcp

d

when the target source film distance is doubled utilizing a 16 inch pid the exposure tim is adjusted by

a) multiplying by 8

b) multiplying by 6

c) miltiplying by 4

d) dividing by 2

e) dividing by 4

c

prior to exposing the patient to a bw or fms the mouth is examined for

a) abnormal morphology

b) removable paritals

c) variations of the palate

d) all of the above

e) only a & b

d

when taking intraoral and panoramic exposures on children the operator should

a) decrease the exposure time

b) increase the exposure time

c) decrease the exposure time in the max region

d) increse the exppsure time in the posterior region

a

the number of films that comprise an adult full mouth series

a) 18 to 20

b) 10 to 15

c) 20 to 25

d) 8 to 10

a

the embossed dot on the film is positioned toward the ___ surface during exposure

a) mesial

b) buccal

c) occlusal/incisal

d) apical

c

the pedodontic film survey should include the following

a) smaller film size

b) shorter exposure times

c) slightly steeper verticle angulation

d) only a&b

e) all of the above

e

radiographic technique for exposing the edentulous survey requires

a) utilization of cotton rolls, styrofoam blocks, and xcps

b) operator to substitute the alveolar ridge for the long axis of the missing tooth

c) approx 25% less exposure time

d) only a&c

e) all of the above

e

for a rapid survey of large areas of the maxilla and mandible it is best to use

a) panoramic film

b) cephalometric film

c) occlusal film

d) interproximal film

a