Topic 6 Flashcards

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Patient- and Family-Centered Care (PFCC)

A healthcare model that treats patients and families as essential, active partners in planning, delivery, and evaluation of care.

Patient-Centered Care (PCC)

Compassionate, coordinated care based on respect for patients’ values, needs, preferences, and right to self-determination.

QSEN Competencies

Six core nursing proficiencies; PCC is one identified as essential for beginning nurses.

Therapeutic Relationship

A purposeful, goal-directed alliance in which nurses use professional knowledge and skills to meet patient health needs.

Helping Relationship

Time-limited, health-focused interaction in which the nurse maintains boundaries and responsibility for conduct.

Social Relationship

Mutual, spontaneous relationship with equal responsibility and no specific health goal.

Self-Disclosure (Nurse)

Limited sharing of personal information to facilitate rapport while maintaining professional boundaries.

Barrier: Preference for Electronic Communication

Over-reliance on digital devices can impede face-to-face therapeutic interaction, especially for novice nurses.

Respect

Listening attentively and valuing the patient’s strengths, abilities, wishes, and autonomy.

Individualized Care

Tailoring interventions to each patient’s cognitive, sociocultural, emotional, and physical context.

Self-Efficacy

A patient’s confidence in their ability to perform behaviors necessary to achieve desired health goals.

Self-Management

The patient’s ability to manage symptoms, treatment, lifestyle changes, and emotional consequences of chronic conditions.

Self-Awareness (Nurse)

Conscious recognition of personal feelings, values, and biases and how they influence professional behavior.

Presence

The nurse’s capacity to be emotionally and physically ‘with’ the patient, knowing when to act or withhold comment.

Overinvolvement

Loss of objectivity marked by excessive time, attention, or personal attachment to a patient.

Disengagement

Emotional or physical withdrawal resulting in superficial contact; may stem from compassion fatigue.

Caring

A core nursing value denoting sustained, respectful connection that patients and families remember most.

Peplau’s Interpersonal Nursing Theory

Framework describing four relationship phases and six nursing roles to enhance therapeutic alliances.

Peplau’s Phases: Preinteraction

Nurse gathers information and self-reflects before meeting the patient; no direct contact yet.

Peplau’s Phases: Orientation

Nurse and patient meet, define purpose, roles, rules, and begin assessment and trust building.

Peplau’s Phases: Working

Phase of problem identification, goal setting, and active intervention toward patient health goals.

Peplau’s Phases: Termination

Planned ending where progress is evaluated, goals reviewed, and future needs addressed.

Peplau Role: Stranger

Nurse greets patient openly, establishing trust as with any new acquaintance.

Peplau Role: Resource

Nurse provides answers, interprets data, and supplies information.

Peplau Role: Teacher

Nurse gives instructions and facilitates patient learning.

Peplau Role: Counselor

Nurse helps patient understand meaning of life circumstances and encourages change.

Peplau Role: Surrogate

Nurse advocates by clarifying domains of dependence, interdependence, and independence.

Peplau Role: Leader

Nurse assists patient to assume maximum responsibility for goals.

Carl Rogers’s Person-Centered Model

Therapeutic approach emphasizing authenticity, unconditional positive regard, and empathetic understanding.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Motivational framework prioritizing physiological needs up to self-actualization for care planning.

Collaborative Interprofessional Care

Team-based approach where multiple disciplines and the patient share power and responsibility for outcomes.

Participant Observer

Peplau’s concept that nurses simultaneously engage in and observe the relationship, including self-reflection.

Preinteraction Phase Communication

Record review and team consultation to inform first contact strategy.

Orientation/Assessment Communication

Respectful greeting, privacy, eye-level seating, and data gathering about patient story and context.

Working Phase Communication

Active problem-solving dialogue supporting self-management, behavior change, and coping strategies.

Termination Phase Communication

Joint review of achievements, discharge planning, referrals, and acknowledgement of relationship meaning.

Shared Decision-Making

Collaborative process where patients and clinicians consider options, values, and evidence to reach informed choices.

Choice Talk

First step in shared decision-making: exploring what information the patient has and wants.

Option Talk

Providing detailed, relevant information on treatment possibilities, risks, and benefits.

Decision Talk

Supporting patient readiness to choose and confirming informed, value-based decisions.

Constructive Feedback

Calm, private confrontation of changeable behaviors while preserving patient dignity and alliance.

Helpful Level of Involvement

Balanced engagement that respects boundaries, focuses on process, and includes self-care by the nurse.

Patient Rights

Entitlements such as respectful treatment, privacy, informed decision-making, and pain management.

Patient Responsibilities

Obligations to provide accurate information, follow plans, and treat providers respectfully.

Simulation Exercises

Structured learning activities that build communication comfort, self-efficacy, and therapeutic skills.

Evidence-Based Relationship Interventions

Strategies like clinical simulation shown to improve nurse knowledge and self-efficacy in relationships.

Compassion Fatigue

Emotional exhaustion from repeated exposure to patient suffering, leading to disengagement if unchecked.

Ethical Respect for Autonomy

Honoring a patient’s voluntary choices (e.g., refusing blood) even when providers disagree.